Term paper on Community Corrections
Community Corrections Essays
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Community Policing During the 1960 s and 1970 s there was an increase in the tension between people and the police. There seemed to be even more tension between the police and minorities. During this time there were many riots that sparked up, this caused the policing community to look at new ways to approach the way they looked at policing. The new way of policing that they came up with was community policing. This paper is going to look at community policing through conflict theory. To look and see if there is maybe a bigger reason for community policing other then just community relations. Community policing is a proactive way to go about policing, where the officers are in the community more. Instead of being in their cars they are on foot walking around and interacting with the community. The technical name for community policing is community oriented policing which is referred to as COP. COP is based on the premise that line officers have the authority and discretion to develop solutions to problems occurring in neighborhoods. Police administrators feel that traditional reactive policing does not adequately address the problems facing communities today. In contrast, problem-solving techniques provide proactive means for combating recurring problems within the community. COP is also based on the philosophy that the police and the community work together to solve problems. To do this, agencies establish formal partnerships with the community, increased direct participation of citizens in addressing community problems, and secured commitment and support from the city or county management. They develop ties with the broader community in an attempt to eliminate the us-versus-them mentality that is often associated with traditional reactive policing. By creating stronger ties to the community and being seen in the community the mentality can be ended. Also, by being in the community more the police will have a positive effect on lowering street crime. However, implementing COP can be very tough for a department and one study shows that it takes on average ten years to fully implement COP into a department (Breci, 1). To implement COP many things must be accomplished by the department, some of which are met by opposition from some in the department. A key step in the process requires participation from all members of the agency. This step is often over looked, especially when agency administrators develop and implement COP without input from other employees. Members of the agency excluded from the planning process are more likely to perceive COP as just another public relations program. Next the department must integrate all divisions and individuals into the COP process. It is very important to involve everyone from the department in the process including civilians that work for the department. The last thing that needs to be done involves providing training to all department personnel regarding the philosophy, strategies, and duties associated with COP. Once all these things are done the department will be ready to see how COP works in their community. Now we are going to take a look at community policing through conflict theory. But first lets take a look at conflict theory by itself. Many sociologists have looked at conflict theory from many different angles. We are going to look at the different ways in which some have looked at it. Basic conflict theory says that there is always tension and conflict in society and that these are necessary for every day life. Conflict theory in its most simple form is the rich get richer and the poor get poorer . William Coser said that the conflict in society creates more cohesion in groups of people. These groups can be as small as a group of friends or as large as a socioeconomic class. Probably the most widely read of all the conflict theorists is Karl Marx. He was the founding father of conflict theory. Marx felt that economics and materials make things happen in the world. Marx started with material conditions, ownership, and concrete historical events to look at society. Marx looked at economic status and relationship to the means of production as the most important things in a society. He broke society up into two social classes the bourgeois or the owners and the proletarians or the working class. He said that the proletarians could cause change in a society if they wanted too. However the bourgeois does a great job of holding the poor back by giving them the hope that one day with hard work they could become one of the rich themselves. America was founded on this ideal it is what we call The American Dream it serves the purpose of keeping the poor content with their standing, because they feel like if they put in enough effort they to can become rich. Marx also felt that religion served the same purpose, religion tells people to be humble to be happy with what they have; this also helps the rich. The next sociologist we are going to look at is Max Weber. Weber had a lot of the same views as Marx however he expanded on his views of social class. He said that it wasn t just your economic position that said where you stand in society it is also your status in the community and the party that you belonged too. Other then his views on where you are in a social class his views were very close to Marx. C. Wright Mills is probably the most relevant of all the sociologist to come along, because Mills looked at modern America specifically. Mills looked at how in the 1800 s the government wasn t very centralized; the government didn t have a direct hand in a lot of the businesses that was going on in the country. There were fewer taxes and less stringent rules for how a business had to operate. He also looked at how in the past the political elite, economic elite, and military elite didn t really cross...
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