Abs Anti Lock Brake System Essay
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OUTLINE
Thesis: Antilock brakes are impressive performers on the test track and in television advertising. What has surprised a lot of people is that anti-lock brakes are not reducing the frequency or cost of accidents. This is the case despite the obvious benefits of antilock brakes in test situations. The reason why anti-locks are not making the expected and much projected difference is because many drivers lack the knowledge and experience need to use ABS (Anti-lock Braking System) effectively.
I. Introduction
A. What are ABS (Anti-lock Braking System)
B. Popularity of ABS
II. What ABS do and don’t do
A. In normal breaking conditions
B. In conditions such as: rain, snow, ice
C. Why don’t ABS work so well on dry roads
III. Understanding ABS
A. How ABS works
B. Wheel Slip
IV. Testing/Findings/Conclusion
A. Testing of ABS vs. Conventional Brakes
B. Test results
C. Conclusion
ABS (Anti-lock Brake System): WHAT THEY CAN AND CANNOT DO
I. Introduction
Antilock brakes are impressive performers on the test track and in television advertising. The idea behind anti-lock brakes is simple. Anti-lock brakes are designed to prevent skidding and help drivers maintain steering control during an emergency-braking situation, by automatically pumping the brakes for the driver to prevent wheel lock. Because the wheels are kept from locking up, the driver is able to better control the vehicle. What has surprised a lot of people is that anti-lock brakes are not reducing the frequency or cost of accidents. This is the case despite the obvious benefits of antilock brakes in test situations.
Antilock brakes have become very popular with the public. Forty-three percent of the 1993 model cars came equipped with them and the ratio for 1994 models is eighty percent. This brings the total number of cars on the road today with anti-locks to about 18,000,000. Much of the increase is because of the growing safety reputation antilock brakes forged on the test track. This reputation has been inflated by car commercials that imply anti-locks can prevent crashes because of better stopping power under all conditions. Consumers very often haven't been shown cars with anti-locks performing on surfaces that are wet and slippery. This is the very surface on which anti-locks should make their main contribution.
II. What Anti-lock brakes do and don’t do
Many car owners don't know how to use antilock brakes effectively and the manuals that come with their automobiles offer little help. Some of the manuals don't spell out how using antilock brakes is different from using regular brakes. Some manufacturers provide no instructions at all. Traditionally, drivers are trained to brake gently on slippery roads or to pump their brakes to avoid a skid. But it is firm, continuous brake pressure that is required to activate anti-locks, which should never be pumped. This is exactly what the antilock feature does for the driver automatically, it pumps the brakes many times a second. With the driver pumping antilock brakes during a skid, braking effectiveness may be reduced to the point of not having brakes at all.
Because of misconceptions about the circumstances in which antilock brakes can help, it's useful to review what they can and cannot do. In normal braking, a vehicle slows as its wheels are gradually brought to a stop. Without antilock brakes, hard or emergency braking will cause the wheels to lock before the vehicle comes to a halt. In this case, some or all of the tires skid along the road. How the vehicle skids depends on the coefficient of friction, or drag factor, between the tires and the road surface. A vehicle may skid forward in a straight line or it may skid forward and drift to the right or left if the surface of the road is not level. Then again, a car may spin out. In any of these cases, the driver has effectively lost all control over the direction the car will travel. Antilock brakes can help with these problems but how much depends on the road surface. Anti-locks don't make much difference in stopping distances on dry roads because maximum braking is easy to achieve on dry roads with or without anti-locks. Even if the wheels lock, the coefficient of friction between the tires and road surface is still fairly high so a vehicle stops relatively quickly. The most pronounced improvement occurs on slippery surfaces where the drag factor is low. Here, anti-locks can significantly reduce stopping distance and prevent loss of control.
III. Understanding ABS
There are several types of antilock brake systems but they all operate similarly. Sensors near each wheel...
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