Genetic Engineer Term paper
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Anti-technologists and political extremists misinform, and over exaggerate statements that genetic
engineering is not part of the natural order of things. The moral question of genetic engineering can be
answered by studying human evolution and the idea of survival of the fittest. The question of safety can be
answered by looking at the current precautions of the industry. The concept that society needs to
understand is that with the right amount of time and money genetic engineering will help reduce disease and
save countless lives.
Many people do not realize that genetic engineering plays a role in many lives through out the
world. Genetic engineering includes artificial insemination, in vitro fertilization, sperm banks, cloning, and
gene manipulation (Goetz 178). Synthetic insulin is now available for use to treat diabetes. This man made
insulin has many positive aspects, which include its life span, cost to manufacture it, and the amount that is
available. The synthetic insulin lasts two to three times longer than its natural form and costs substantially
less to manufacture than to extract it from an animal, primarily pigs. One other benefit is the amount that
can be manufactured. In pigs, the scientists need to wait for it to mature to extract the insulin. The
synthetic source is completely man made and any amount can be manufactured in large quantities.
The replication of insulin is not the only way biotechnology is being utilized. Today people receive
synthetic hormones that their body cannot produce such as growth hormones, thyroid, estrogen, and
testosterone. Vaccines are also another form of genetic engineering that has been used for many years.
Vaccines already protect against disease to a certain extent, but for a virus like HIV, it is too risky to inject
somebody with a vaccine. The reason for this is because a vaccine is a solution that contains a dead or
weakened virus that has been synthetically prepared. Further work on a HIV vaccine could save many lives
and possibly eliminate the disease. This biotechnology makes it possible for more people to live the lives
that would not have been available without genetic engineering.
Plants are also being genetically engineered. This type of genetic engineering is more commonly
accepted, but why? It is no different for a plant to be able to fight off pests then it is for a human to be able
to fight off diseases. This is a contradiction, because society is saying that it is all right for a plant to be
genetically engineered but not a human.
This new technology of genetic engineering dates back to the 1950’s. IN 1951 three scientists,
Francis Crick, Maurice Wilkins, and James Dewey Watson, were credited with the discovery of DNA. Later
they were presented the Nobel Prize in physiology and medicine in 1962. (Lewin 1) DNA is also known as
deoxyribonucleic acid and it carries a living organisms genetic code. The discovery of DNA was the very
beginning of genetic engineering. Today the science of biotechnology has evolved to a much higher level,
but is still many steps away from completely correcting damaged or diseased genes. The reason is partly to
blame on the ignorance of society, because it believes that genetic engineering is wrong. The part of genetic
engineering that is wrong is holding back the natural process of science evolution.
Some benefits are used in medicine today, but the real benefits will come as genes can be altered
more. The real benefit that will help mankind is when bioengineers will be able to replace a cancer or
defective gene with a gene that does not have an error in its genetic code. “The new science of genetic
engineering aims to take a dramatic shortcut in the slow process of evolution” (Stableford 25). What is
meant by the previous quote is that scientists hope to take a gene from an organism and change it so that it
will be immune to certain diseases and free from cancer. For example, many years ago small pox was widely
spread. Today it is almost nonexistent, because of the evolution of man. The only problem with this was it
took hundreds of years for our genetic code to adapt and make our bodies fight it.
The moral question of genetic engineering is answered by looking at the advances in medicine.
Today the advancements in medicine are evolving at an extremely high rate. If the science of genetic
engineering is wrong, then so are the rest of the advances in medicine. The reason is because genetic
engineering is just another form of medical advancement. Gene manipulation is not going to be used for any
other purpose except for the treatment and elimination of disease. The one thing that people need to realize
is the potential of genetic engineering. Try to visualize what parents of a child is dying from a disease like
multiple sclerosis think about the benefits of genetic engineering. Do they think that it is morally wrong or
right? They think that it is right because it is going to save their child’s life.
Cloning is another form of genetic engineering that is not accepted as morally right. For example,
to clone a human heart scientists do not have to clone the whole person. They only need to clone the heart
by itself (http://www.humancloning.org/user/infertil/humancloning.html). This process of cloning would
eliminate transplants and the use of anti-rejection drugs. It is; however, wrong to clone a whole human
being. There would be no purpose in cloning a person, because it offers science little or no benefits. Some
people say that if they could clone Albert Einstein much more could be learned about science and the theory
of relativity. This is not true. If somebody is cloned, it does not mean it will be the same person in every
way. It only means that their genetic makeup will be exactly alike. The environment in which they grow up
plays a major role in the development of the person’s personality.
Safety of genetic engineering is something that presents much concern. Looking at the current
precautions and previous precautions of the biotechnological industry can clear up the safety issue. Today
the Federal and State Governments set many limitations on biotechnological industries. The FDA and State
Governments impose limits such as the illegalization of human cloning and limits on other genetic
engineering processes. The only legal forms of genetic engineering that are used today are in vitro
fertilization, artificial insemination, and sperm banks. Another form of genetic engineering is the use of gene
therapy. Gene therapy is illegal because people...
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