Term paper on Human Genome

Human Genome Essays

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Human Genome Project

A genome is defined as the complete collection of an organisms genetic material.

The human genome is composed of about 50,000 to 100,000 genes located on 23 pairs of

chromosomes in a human cell. It is said that a single human chromosome may contain

more than 250 million DNA base pairs, and it is estimated that the entire human genome

consists of about 3 billion base pairs. The DNA is gathered through blood samples taken

from many different people. Though each person has a unique set of DNA the difference

in a given pair of samples is less than 1 percent making the differences pale in

comparison to the similarities.

The Human Genome Project is an international collaboration of scientists who’s

goal is to gain a basic understanding of the genetic blueprint of a human being. This

information is found in each cell of the body, encoded in the DNA. The intent of this

project is to identify all genes in the nucleus of a human cell, to map where those genes

are on the chromosomes of the nucleus, and to determine the seqeuncing or the order of

these chemical subunits of the DNA.

The idea to undertake such a project was came about through a series of scientific

conferences held between 1985 and 1987. The actual project ,however, did not begin

until 1990 with the expansion of funding from the NIH and DOE. There are many nations

involved with this project as part of an informal pact including France, Germany, Japan,

the United Kingdom, and many other european nations. Also in an effort to speed up the

mapping and sequencing process several private companies have been enlisted to help

such as Celera Genomics.

Today there is a lot of research being done under the umbrella of the Human

Genome Project. For instince gene therapy is being developed as a very real cure for such

hereditary diseases as Cystic Fibrosis and Parkinsons where somewhere in the genetic

make up of the body there is a glich tht alows the nervous tissue of the brain to

deteriorate at a slow but steady rate. With gene therapy we will be able to replace the

tissue in the...

The National Human Genome Research Institute Website http://www.nhgri.nih.gov/Policy_and_public_affairs/Communications/Publications/Maps_to_medicine/about.html
Starr and Taggart. Biology The Unity and Diversity of Life Eighth Edition. Belmont:
Wadsworth Publishing Company, 1998.
Human Genome Project Information Website
http://www.ornl.gov/hgmis/project/update.html
Starr and Taggart. Companion Compact Disc to Biology The Unity and Diversity of Life Eighth Edition. Belmont:
Wadsworth Publishing Company, 1998.

Human Genome Research Website
http://www.er.doe.gov/production/ober/hug_top.html You should cite this paper as follows:

MLA Style
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