Scientific Method Essay

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Omair Hameed.

2003-02-0143.

SS-161- Science And Civilization.

Assignment #2.

Trace the development of the “Scientific Method” by examining relevant contributions

by Aristotle, Galileo, Lavoisier and Pasteur. Your answer should be approximately

500 words.

Scientific method is the way scientists learn and study the world around them. It is the process by which scientists work over a period of time to construct an accurate (i.e. reliable, consistent and non-arbitrary) representation of the world. In the study of natural phenomenon, personal and cultural beliefs strongly influence our interpretations and perceptions. Scientific method relies on standard procedures to minimize these influences when developing a theory.

Scientific method consists of four steps:

(1)- Making an observation of a phenomenon.

(2)- Formulating a hypotheses to explain the phenomenon.

(3)- Proving the hypotheses correct by a series of experiments and tests. If the experiments do not bear out the hypotheses, it must be rejected or modified.

Scientific method distinguishes from other forms of explanation because of its requirement of a scientific experimentation. Over the last few centuries there have been a large number of important discoveries. Various principles have been laid down and many rejected. Scientists have used the scientific method to get to their conclusions. Lets see how the scientific method evolved by examining a few contributions by some well renowned scientists.

Aristotle laid down the foundations of modern scientific thought. He had a great amount of curiosity regarding the natural world phenomena. Aristotle introduced syllogisms as a method of reasoning in which, a conclusion was derived through two axioms based on research data and observations. This system of syllogism can be said to be the basis of the scientific method. The usage of observations to derive at conclusions confirms Aristotle as a scientist under the modern definition. His biological observations such as those on the habits and development of the octopuses, and squids are truly remarkable. He also contributed towards the scientific development by introducing diagrams for illustrating complex anatomical relations.

Almost 2000 years later Galileo challenged Aristotle’s s work on mechanics and cosmology. Galileo did not ridicule Aristotle, but simply showed that he had jumped to the wrong conclusions and derived at inadequate answers because of his...

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