Term paper on Impressions Of Cuba

Impressions Of Cuba Essays

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IMPRESSIONS OF CUBA

A territorial division created in 1974 politically and administratively divides Cuba and it is made up of the following:

i. 14 provinces: Camaguey, Ciego de Avila, Cienfuegos, Ciudad de La Habana, Granma, Guantanamo, Holguin, La Habana, Las Tunas, Matanzas, Pinar del Rio, Sancti Spiritus, Santiago de Cuba, and Villa Clara

ii. 169 municipalities

iii. and one special municipality on the Isle of Youth

History

Christopher Columbus landed on the island of Cuba on October 28, 1492, during his initial westward voyage. In honour of the daughter of Ferdinand V and Isabella I of Spain, his benefactors, Columbus named it Juana, the first of several names he successively applied to the island. It eventually became known as Cuba, from its aboriginal name, Cubanascnan.

The following outline describes Cuba's institutional order of political associations, institutions, and organizations:

Political Organizations

These function as the political safeguard of the population. The political sub-system is comprised of the Partido Comunista Cubano (PCC) -Cuban Communist Party and its juvenile organization, the Union de Jovenes Comunistas (UJC) - Communist Youth Union

The most important characteristics of the political sub-system are:

a. single political party

b. sanctioned powers of the PCC in the constitution

State Organizations

The assemblies of institutions that make up the state are:

a. Asamblea del Poder Popular - National Assembly of the People's Power: representative legislative body that is constituted as the maximum authority of the state at the municipal, provincial, and national levels.

b. Organ of government: designated by the National Assembly and corresponds to the application of laws, regulation and planification of the economy and society, the application and formulation of political development, and the administration of public activities. These organs are constituted by the Council of Ministers and integrated by the President, Vice-president, Secretary, Ministers, and other members determined by law in representation of their perspective organizations.

c. Armed institutions: are the armed organizations in charge of defense, national security, and the internal order that are subordinate to the central government's institutions. The principal armed institutions are the Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias (FAR) - Revolutionary Armed Forces; Fuerzas de Seguridad del Estado - the State Security Forces and Polic’a Nacional Revolucionaria - Revolutionary National Police are subordinate to the Ministerio del Interior (MININT) - Ministry of the Interior.

d. Organizations that carry out the administration of justice: are agencies responsible for the imparting of justice and control of the law - comprised by the Corte Suprema del Pueblo - People's Supreme Court and Tribunales Populares - Popular Tribunals are constituted at each territorial level. The Tribunals' and Fiscal’as - Prosecutor's offices are state organizations with functional independence. The judicial system and the Fiscal’a General de la Repœblica - Attorney General of the Republic are only subordinate to the Asamblea del Poder Popular and the Council of State.

Cuban Health Care

The Cuban health-care system functioned effectively up through the 1980s. Life expectancy increased, infant mortality declined, and access to medical care expanded. Cuba began to resemble developed nations in health-care figures. While the U.S. embargo prevented Cuba from buying medicines and medical supplies directly from the United States, many U.S. products were available from foreign subsidiaries. Cuba may have paid higher prices and higher shipping costs, but it was able to do so.

The Cuban health-care system has been weakened in the last seven years, as the end of Soviet-bloc aid and preferential trade terms damaged the economy overall. The economy contracted some 40 percent, and there was simply less money to spend on a health-care system, or on anything else. And because the weakened Cuban economy generated less income from foreign exports, there was less hard currency available to import foreign goods. This made it more difficult to purchase those medicines and medical equipment that had traditionally come from abroad, and contributed to shortages in the Cuban health-care system.

In the context of the weakened Cuban economy, the U.S. embargo exacerbated problems in the health-care system. The embargo forced Cuba to use more of its now much more limited resources on medical imports, both because equipment and drugs from foreign subsidiaries of U.S. firms or from non-U.S. sources tend to be higher priced and because shipping costs are higher.

New restrictions imposed by the Cuban Democracy Act of 1992 (CDA) have further exacerbated problems in Cuba’s medical system. The CDA prohibits foreign subsidiaries of U.S. corporations from selling to Cuba, thus further limiting Cuba’s access to medicine and equipment, and raising prices. In addition, the CDA forbids ships that dock...

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