Urban Villagers By Herbert J Gans Essay
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Urban Renewal in Boston
the West End and Government Center
Boston's West End is the most well documented neighborhood destroyed by urban "renewal," made famous initially by Herbert Gans's book, The Urban Villagers, 1962. Although approximately 63 percent of the families displaced by urban renewal were African-American or Hispanic, this Boston community was mainly inhabited by working class Italians. It was a little piece of Italy, with narrow winding streets alive with urban social life. Too crowded and unAmerican for the middle class tastes of City planners, it fell to the bulldozer in 1959 and was replaced by high rise, expensive apartment buildings.
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It is difficult for me to isolate the impact of *URBAN VILLAGERS*. In
my experience it was but one contribution to growing criticism of urban
renewal in the early 1960s and, with that, the physical orientation of
urban planning that urban renewal represented. Shortly after it was
published I was both a writing my dissertation in urban geography at
Clark University and a project director in urban renewal, so I
witnessed the impact in both urban renewal planning circles and in the
more academic arena. It was part of the drum of criticism that led to
the 1966 Model Cities Act and the redefinition of urban renewal and
rethinking of the field of urban planning.
I think the impact of the *URBAN VILLAGERS* might best evaluated as
part of a creeping barrage of critical writing led off by Jacobs and
*Death and Life . . .* in 1961. *Urban Villagers* was published in
'63 and Martin Anderson weighed in from the right in '64 with *The Federal
Bulldozer*. At the same time planners such as Paul Davidoff ("Advocacy
and Pluralism in Planning" JAIP, 1965) were mounting a critique within
the field of planning. (Jay Stein's *Classic Readings in Urban
Planning* 1995 includes some writing from this period.) In 1965,
The National Council of Mayors published *With Heritage So Rich* which
documented the destruction of historic buildings caused by urban renewal
and served as the mandate...
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