Essay on Native American Persecution

Native American Persecution Term Papers

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The pressures of white expansionism led the United States Government to find ways to

remove the Native Americans from their fertile lands. Spurred by this pressure, and the

need to fulfill his campaign promise to open Indian land for settlement, Andrew Jackson

pushed through Congress the Removal Act. The Act allowed the government to negotiate

treaties with the various Native American tribes, pay them for their lands, relocate them

to western lands, and support the tribes for one year after removal. President Jackson,

more than anyone else, was responsible for the fate of the five civilized tribes of the

southeast. When the state of Georgia annexed the Cherokee Nation's land within Georgia

territory against all treaties the Federal Government had with the Cherokee Nation,

Jackson support it, even going as far as to ignore the Supreme Court when it ruled the

Georgia annexation unconstitutional and the Cherokee Nation as an Independent

Domestic Nation. In another era Jackson's actions would have been deemed

treasonousand a total abuse of executive power but in the 1830's, the growing population,

the need to expand to accomodate this growth and perhaps Congress' reluctance to submit

the country to constitutional debate of power led to the removal of the indians.Indian

Reaction The leaders of the Cherokee Nation and other tribes knew that fighting the white

settlers would gibe the national and state governments an excuse to send in troops and

take away land.The Cherokee nation responded with diplomacy. Several chief went to

Washington to plead their case, pointing out the legal treaties between the Cherokee

Nation and the United States gauranteeing them their land. The removal issue was hotly

debated in Congress. Support forth tribes by Henry Clay, Davy Crockett, Daniel Webster

and other prominent statesmen feel on deaf ears. The issue was also being fought in the

legal system. In Worcester vs.Georgia, Chief Justice John Marshall ruled that the laws of

Georgia were invalid in Cherokeeland and that The Cherokee land belongs to the

Cherokee. The ruling was not enforced by the Executive branch with President Jackson

refusing to do so. Dishearten and divided the Cherokee Nation broke into two factions,

for removal or against. John Ross, Cherokee Nation chief, led the larger group against

removal while MajorRidge led the smaller group for removal. Major Ridge and his

faction sighneda treaty with the United States Government for five million dollars. The

government was fullyaware that ridge didn’t represent the majority of the Cherokee

Nation, but they validated the treaty anyway. With this, the fate of the tribe was sealed.

Several of the other civilized tribes were removed ahead of the Cherokees. The Choctaws

removal was tragic. The journey west was badly planned and badly carried out. An

enormous number of Indians died in their removal. The Cherokee's removal was just as

trajicculminating in the death of over four thousand Cherokees in what has come to be

known as the trail of tears. Reasons for such a tragic outcome are numerous.

Contaminated food and water supplied by government contractors accounted...

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