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Use of Irony in "Oedipus Rex"

Many sources tell us that Sophocles wrote more then one

hundred plays, but only seven of them have survived the

centuries in their entirety. Certainly the best known of his

surviving plays is "Oedipus Rex." The plot of the play

hinges on the element of irony. Irony can be defined as "a

combination of circumstances or a result that is the

opposite of what is or might be expected or considered

appropriate," (Guralnik, Webster's, 1968, p. 745). Irony is

one of the prevailing and defining characteristics of the

play.

The first event that sets the whole tragic tale in

motion is when Laius, King of Thebes, is told by a prophet

that any child that is born to him and his queen, Jocasta,

will murder him. Therefore, when a child is born to him, he

pierces the baby's ankles with a spike, ties them together,

and has a servant leave the child on Mount Cithaeron to die

from exposure. This is ironic because if Laius had not

attempted to murder his own child, Oedipus would not have

been found and raised by strangers. He would have known

Jocasta was his mother. Ironically(and disgustingly, Oedipus

marries her and produces several children). Also, without

his violent temper, he would not have killed his father on

the road to the Oracle if had had been aware of his

identity.

As a baby, Oedipus is found by a shepherd, and taken

back to Corinth where he is raised as the son of King

Polybus, and his queen, Merope. After he is grown, Oedipus

is told by a drunken man at a banquet that he really isn't

the son of Polybus. Confused, Oedipus is determined to learn

the truth. H visionary oracle. The horrified woman sends

him away saying that he will murder his father and marry his

mother. The prophecy disturbs Oedipus so much that he

doesn't return in the hopes of preventing the prophecy from

coming true. But, in so doing, he defied the will of the

gods, and sealed his fate.

This is, of course, ironic because Oedipus is taking

the action of not returning to Corinth because he wrongfully

considers Polybus and Merope to be his parents. But, here

again, a human is trying to avoid what is clearly

predestined. In committing the sin of hubris(pride), Oedipus

brings down upon himself the rightful condemnation of the

higher power .

Previous to meeting with the Oracle, Oedipus had met

King Laius, and four attendants, at a fork in the road. A

fight started, and Oedipus kills King Laius, totally unaware

that this is his real father. It's ironic on several many

levels.

Oedipus, in trying to avoid the prophecy, has fulfilled

it. This is also ironic because Laius would not have left

Thebes and journey to the Oracle if the city had not been

plagued by the Sphinx, a monster with a woman's head and a

lion's body, plus miscellaneous other animal features. The

city would, undoubtedly, have not been plagued if Laius had

stayed in the god's good graces.

Having unknowingly killed his father, Oedipus journeys

on and encounters the Sphinx. Because he answers the

Sphinx's riddle correctly, it kills itself in a fit of

anguish and the city is saved. Oedipus is declared King of

Thebes. He marries the recently widowed Jocasta and the

prophecy is fulfilled.

“Oedipus Rex” seems to roll one pieve of irony after

another.. Everything Oedipus tries to avoid he ends up

doing. The beautiful marriage between the King and Queen is

incest. He is also famous for solving riddles but cannot

solve the one that concerns the origin, path, and destiny of

his own life. Oedipus shows a brutal side when he beats the

same shepard that saved him during the interrogation.

Some readers interpret the irony differently. Ever

since the father of psychoanalysis, Sigmund Freud, made his

famous observations, critics have been using this aspect in

this analysis.

The Freudian interpretation can be taken beyond the

obvious relationship between Oedipus and Jocasta and

extended to Oedipus' two daughters. Oedipus and Jocasta had

four children-two sons and two daughters. The children are

brought in at the very end of the play when a blind Oedipus

is pondering their fate. The sons he dismisses because they

are able to take care of themselves, but Oedipus frets over

the fate of his daughters.

Oedipus- ”As for my sons, you need not take care of...

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