Circuit Breaker Abstract Essay
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A circuit breaker was examined to determine how it works.
Basically, it is designed to disconnect the current if the current passing
through the breaker is higher than the allowable current. Its main parts
consist of a switch, connecting pads, and the disconnect device. Since
the breaker consists of many individual parts, the only improvement found
was to combine some of the parts into a single part.
Introduction
Our group dissected a thirty-amp household Circuit-breaker. Its purpose is
to protect electrical appliances from being damaged though excessive
currents. A circuit breaker limits the amount of current that may safely
enter a household electrical system via a predetermined amperage rating.
It is placed in series between your house and the provided electricity.
Any current in excess of the rated current amount will trip the circuit
breaker in to a non-conducting or open path condition. The closed path is
maintained until either magnetism or thermal expansion causes the circuit
to trip.
Device Description
The circuit breaker has several features that are worth noting in the
design discussion. First is its ability to detect various types of loading
situations. The breaker can not only open a circuit in response to a
current spike, but can also react to a sustained moderate current draw,
just above its rated current. The circuit breaker also has an easily
resetable 3-position switch, and various internal safety features such as
spark arrestors and cavity vents.
Operation of the circuit breaker is simple, but utilizes complex
mechanisms. Essentially there are to main internal mechanisms; the trigger
and the switch. The trigger is the device that senses the abnormal current
load. A sharp spike in current will cause a magnetic field to form in the
trigger, releasing the switch. A slightly elevated, but more constant
current draw through the breaker will cause the bi-metal composition of
the trigger mechanism to deflect in an arc like manner, which is also
capable of releasing the switch. This reaction may take a longer amount of
time to open the circuit, but is designed to provide the user with a short
time of extended current draw through the circuit before the breaker
opens.
The switch, which is activated internally by the trigger or externally
by the user, simply opens or closes a set of contacts which complete the
circuit. The switch can be set to open or closed from the outside of the
breaker's case, but can only be set to the "tripped" position internally,
as a results of the trigger mechanism. Once the breaker has been tripped
internally, it must be reset externally by switching it off, and then back
on.
The features enable the breaker to do several jobs at once, eliminating
the need for multiple elements in the circuit. For example, it provides
the user with an easily assessable on/off switch, fault protection against
current spike, and fault protection against heavy current draw....
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