Term paper on Alzheimer S Disease
Alzheimer S Disease Essays
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Alzheimer's Disease
Alzheimer's Disease is a progressive and irreversible brain disease that
destroys mental and physical functioning in human beings, and invariably leads
to death. It is the fourth leading cause of adult death in the United States.
Alzheimer's creates emotional and financial catastrophe for many American
families every year. Fortunately, a large amount of progress is being made to
combat Alzheimer's disease every year.
To fully be able to comprehend and combat Alzheimer's disease, one must know
what it does to the brain, the part of the human body it most greatly affects.
Many Alzheimer's disease sufferers had their brains examined. A large number of
differences were present when comparing the normal brain to the Alzheimer's
brain. There was a loss of nerve cells from the Cerebral Cortex in the
Alzheimer's victim. Approximately ten percent of the neurons in this region were
lost. But a ten percent loss is relatively minor, and cannot account for the
severe impairment suffered by Alzheimer's victims.
Neurofibrillary Tangles are also found in the brains of Alzheimer's victims.
They are found within the cell bodies of nerve cells in the cerebral cortex, and
take on the structure of a paired helix. Other diseases that have "paired
helixes" include Parkinson's disease, Down's Syndrome, and Dementia Pugilistica.
Scientists are not sure how the paired helixes are related in these very
different diseases.
Neuritic Plaques are patches of clumped material lying outside the bodies of
nerve cells in the brain. They are mainly found in the cerebral cortex, but have
also been seen in other areas of the brain. At the core of each of these plaques
is a substance called amyloid, an abnormal protein not usually found in the
brain. This amyloid core is surrounded by cast off fragments of dead or dying
nerve cells. The cell fragments include dying mitochondria, presynaptic
terminals, and paired helical filaments identical to those that are
neurofibrillary tangles. Many neuropathologists think that these plaques are
basically clusters of degenerating nerve cells. But they are still not sure of
how and why these fragments clustered together.
Congophilic Angiopathy is the technical name that neuropathologists have given
to an abnormality found in the walls of blood vessels in the brains of victims
of Alzheimer's disease. These abnormal patches are similar to the neuritic
plaques that develop in Alzheimer's disease, in that amyloid has been found
within the blood-vessel walls wherever the patches occur. Another name...
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