Term paper on Post War New Zealand
Post War New Zealand Essays
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During World War II New Zealand greatly depended upon Britain and her
Royal Navy to provide New Zealand with security and protection
throughout the Pacific region. But after a while New Zealand and
Australia as neighbouring countries began to provide their own defence
for the Pacific. So when Britain began to build Naval Bases in
Singapore, both Australia and New Zealand contributed to its cost.
Also the Royal New Zealand Air Force and the Royal New Zealand Navy
were established in order to provide more protection. Even though New
Zealand was becoming more independent in providing most of their
security, she still depended a lot upon Britain and this trust and
dependence broke when the Pearl Harbour was attacked sinking two of
Britain^s battleships ^Prince of Wales^ and ^Repulse^ and the fall of
Singapore did contribute to New Zealand drift from Britain for
security. So New Zealand turned to the United Stated of America for
security in the Pacific. Now New Zealand began to take responsibility
for foreign affairs and had her own for! eign policies.
Since WWII New Zealand had close relations with Australia considering
that they are neighbouring countries. So in 1944 New Zealand and
Australia signed the Canberra Pact. After the war the two countries
agreed to set up a ^regional zone of defence^ in the South West and
South Pacific including Australia and New Zealand and the islands north
and north west of Australia across to Western Samoa and the Cook
Islands. Through the Canberra Pact the governments of the two
countries agreedthat on matters of common interest they will consult
each other before expressing their views to others. The two
governments also agreed to establish an advisory regional organisation,
which could be called the South Seas Regional Commission, on which
there might be representatives of Australia, New Zealand, Britain,
France and USA.
New Zealand now looked upon to the United Nations for security for she
too believed in maintaining world peace through collective security.
New Zealand joined the fifteen specialised agenises of the UN which
aimed at raising living, health and educational facilities to backward
countries to prevent causes of war and international bitterness. Also
she supported formations of economic and social council, contributed to
the annual budget and took responsibility for Western Samoa.
New Zealand also tried to establish security through the Commonwealth.
There are Commonwealth Head of Government Meeting (CHOGM) every two
years where all the heads of states from all forty nine countries in
the Commonwealth come and discuss their activities and plans for the
future. Through the Commonwealth New Zealand was mainly active in
relations of the Pacific and Asia and all the Pacific members would
meet at the South Pacific Forum and CHOGRM (Commonwealth Heads of
Government Regional Meetings).
From 1945 New Zealand wanted firm ties with USA . USA was mainly
interested in Pacific because communism had started spreading world
wide by then. By 1949 China was fully communist. In 1950 Communist
North Korea supported by the USSR invaded South Korea and USA was
involved in helping South Korea. So USA was anxious to conclude a
generous peace treaty with Japan in the hope of ensuring that Japan
cooperated with the non-Communist countries. USA also want Australia
and New Zealand to support her in this cause against communism. But
they still regarded Japan as a threat to their security and made it
clear that an agreement needs to be signed reassuring them that Japan
rearming will not affect the security of the Pacific in any way. So in
1951 the ANZUS pact, a defence treaty between Australia, New Zealand
and the United States was signed. This defence treaty agreed upon
discussing any international disputes the parties may be involved in
and find a solution peacefully. The parties of the treaty agreed to
develop and maintain their individual and collective capacity to resist
armed attack. One of the most important articles in the ANZUS treaty
was article III which said ^The Parties will consult together whenever
the territorial integrity, political independence or security of any of
the Parties is threatened in the Pacific. ANZUS was a landmark in New
Zealand foreign policy for this was the first treaty signed by New
Zealand that which didn^t include Britain.
In 1949 Britain, New Zealand and Australia consulted to help plan
defence with Malaya and to coordinate defence agreements. So in 1955
ANZAM was established. This was not a treaty but a defence agreement
so it did not involve commitment of troops. ANZAM was designed to
coordinate regional defensive policies between the three parties.
Communist struggle in South East Asia continued even after the Korea
War. So in 1954 New Zealand along with Australia, Britain, France,
Pakistan, the Philippines, Thailand and the United States formed a
collective defensive treaty based on the Asian region, the South-East
Asia Treaty Organisation. SEATO was mainly aimed at preventing the
spread of communism in the Pacific, so New Zealand was protected from
communism through this treaty. To help prevent any further spread of
communist forces, Laos, Cambodia and South Vietnam were added to the
list of SEATO signatories. For Australia and New Zealand SEATO was
more than just a prevention of communism. New Zealand accepted SEATO
because it further strengthened ties with the United States and it
brought Britain back into defensive arrangement in the region. In
Article III of the treaty the desire to promote economic and social
development in the region is expressed. Also, SEATO involved New
Zealand in South East Asian affairs more directly then ever before.
For the first time we had Asian allies.
New Zealand developed good ties with Australia, the United States,
Britain, the rest of the Pacific and Asia after post-war years but many
events took place causing relationships between these countries to
change within the 1970s and 1980s. One of the major events that
changed the relationship between New Zealand and USA was the Vietnam
War against the Viet Cong guerillas. This took...
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