Lenin Essay
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Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov, or Lenin, was born on April 22, 1870, in the sleepy little town of Simbrisk, Russia. Childhood in Simbrisk was serene and pleasant for Lenin, and his father, Ilya Nikolaievich, was highly respected by many of the nobles in this province.
Vladimir took just as much interest in his schoolwork than he did with his extra-curricular activities on the home front. He quickly impressed his teachers with his keen intelligence and his outstanding memory. He mastered his classes so brilliantly, that his father became alarmed and began to wonder if it was harmful for Vladimir to learn everything with such grace and ease. He was on another level from all the other students, and that created a large gap between him and the rest of the class.
Alexander and Anna continued their studies at the U of St. Petersburg, and Alexander won the gold medal for his chemistry experiment on worms. Later, Alexander became involved in politics and he and a group of men formed a terrorist faction. Alexander used his knowledge of chemistry to build several bombs, as the young terrorists planned to assassinate the tsar. Alexander was later arrested for his crimes and went to trial on April 19, 1887 and was hanged with four other conspirators’ one month later. Upon Alexander's death, Lenin would become taunted as the brother of the man who tried to kill the tsar.
After being barred from the Kazan University for having the last name of Ulyanov, the name that tried to kill the tsar, Lenin was allowed to take examinations as an external student at the University of St. Petersburg. In just over a year, without help, Lenin progressed through a four-year course and passed his examinations in 1891, and was admitted to the bar at the young age of twenty-one. After attaining such a great thing however, it was impaired with sadness as his sister Olga, a student at the U of St. Petersburg, died of typhus. Lenin then returned to Samara to become a junior attorney with the man who had been a former chess opponent of his.
Lenin went to live in St. Petersburg in the fall of 1893, and that was his period of revolution. By this time he had chosen his career as a revolutionist and spent all of his time with revolutionary matters. His arrival to St. Petersburg was noted as “a thunderstorm with life-giving effects.” Lenin turned many heads as he proved that Capitalism was already the main economic background in Russia, the same Capitalism that everyone else said could not exist in Russia.
At a pancake party in 1894, which the most important Marxists attended, Lenin met Nadezhda Konstantinova Krupskaya, the daughter of a former Russian soldier. We’ll just call her Nadya though. She became very interested by Lenin and they began to meet quite often. He was anxious to learn about what she knew about the workers, and he was excited to learn about their lives in factories, and their outlooks and attitudes.
From this information she gave him, Lenin wrote leaflets and distributed them secretly to the workers, telling them all of his revolutionary ideas and plans. Lenin all the time meanwhile was organizing secret worker study circles and dressed in shabby clothes to disguise himself from police. When they wrote messages to each other, it had to be in secret code or invisible ink, for what they were writing had to deal with the overthrow of the current Russian government. Lenin spent several months abroad the western European continent meeting with other leaders and studying revolutionary literature that was not available in Russia.
Lenin returned to Russia in 1895 and his polygraph machine and illegal literature went undetected by the authorities because his trunk had a double bottom. He then met a man named Jules Martov, in St. Petersburg. Martov studied at the U of St. Petersburg and was the grandson of an editor and publisher, and was also a Marxist. These two then formed all the workers’ study circles into one movement called the League of Struggle for the Emancipation of the Working Class. The League was the first body in Russia to relate socialism to the working class movement and also the first body to defend the workers against tsarism.
Lenin had been closely watched and then finally backstabbed by Dr. N. Mikhailov, a trusted dentist. Lenin was then arrested along with several other leaders of the League. Mikhailov was murdered not long after Lenin’s arrest. Even from prison, Lenin still had great influence on the League. Revolutionary pamphlets were written in invisible ink and smuggled out. On some occasions, Lenin would receive letters written in milk, and the writing would turn yellow when held over a flame. He had been imprisoned for 14 months, and in that time he had sent and received many books; some that contained hidden messages in the spines.
After his imprisonment and after being exiled for 3 years without trial in northern Siberia, Lenin was released from detention and given considerable freedom. He stayed with his family in Moscow for a few days and then set off to Krasnoyarsk, where he studied all the time in a private library. Two months after his release, on April 16, 1897, a train arrived bringing Martov and other prisoners. Disguised as a luggage attendant, Lenin snuck by the police and met up with his comrades.
Over the next couple of years, Lenin continued to study and enrich his knowledge as he was being exiled in Shushenskoye. He wrote one particular pamphlet in order to wake up the proletariat, or working class. He told them that only they could throw out tsarism, only they had the power. This pamphlet was smuggled out of Russia and printed in Switzerland and this was the first time that Vladimir Ulyanov had signed himself as Lenin.
8 months after Lenin’s arrest, Nadya was also arrested and sentenced to three years banishment at Ufa. She told the authorities that she was Lenin’s fiancée and begged them to let her join him. They said yes, but if they were not married immediately after her arrival in Shushenskoye, she would be sent to Ufa. They were married on July 22, 1898, when Lenin was 28 years old. Now Lenin not only had a wife, but a secretary, a housekeeper, and a collaborator.
Lenin grew impatient in his last few months of exile. He had been an exile for the past few years and now he must start planning a very large campaign to win over the proletariat for a revolution. He had written to two other colleagues about his plans and all three men would complete their exile at about the same time. When all three were released, they would form the editor board for the new paper; Lenin was released on January 29, 1900.
While trying to set up a network of supporters of the newspaper, Lenin traveled to many cities. Even though he was banned from the capital, he entered St. Petersburg twice and on the second time, he and a colleague were arrested. They were released after two weeks in a detention hall and sent to Podolsk, where Lenin’s mom lived. The newspaper received enough donations to get underway, and they called it Iskra (The Spark), and the first issue was published on December 24, 1900.
Change came about in the spring of 1902. In fear of being arrested, the Munich printing quarters decided to end its association with Iskra. Against the wishes of others, Lenin decided to take up new quarters in London. While in London, he wrote a book entitled What Is to Be Done? in March, 1902 and clearly defined himself as a theoretician. In this book, he stated that in order for the workers to win a...
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