Roman And Greek Kingdoms Essay

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The Romans, unlike the Greeks were not gifted in abstract thought. They

constructed no original system of philosophy, invented no major literary forms,

and made no scientific discoveries. Yet, they excelled in the art of government

and empire building, they created a workable world-state and developed skills in

administration, law, and practical affairs. In the Punic Wars, the Roman

republic defeated the Carthaginians in North Africa and Rome inherited the

Pergamene Kingdom from the last of the Attalids in 133 B.C. Rome became heir to

the legacy of the Hellenistic world of the Greeks. The Hellenistic period which

lasted 300 years in is noted by the death of Alexander in 323 B.C. It is marked

by its rich, sophisticated and diverse culture. Many Romans were eager to merge

with this Greek culture in order to exhibit the dominance of their rule over

conquered societies. This exhibition of dominance was the primary motivation of

the Roman desire to possess fine works of Greek Art. Whereas, other Romans, were

convinced that the pursuit of the assimilation of foreign cultures would only

harm the republic. During this time, much social disintegration and unhindered

individualism threatened political stability. However, the adoption of Greek art

for Roman needs was very popular. An educated Roman was well versed in the

history of Greek Art and was socially compelled to collect Greek art for

personal embellishment. The modernization of the old Sanctuary of Fortuna

Primigenia is an example of the new Roman attitude toward art and architecture

as Greek artists migrated in vast numbers to the new capital of the world. Roman

generals and their quest to establish Rome as the new unchallenged capital of

the world justified the expense of replanning the old sanctuary. This

accomplishment would bring them personal glory and uplift the majestic status of

Roman people. Roman architecture benefited as the city's wealth grew as other

leaders contributed to the expansion of new monuments. Lucias Cornelius Sculla,

(82-78 B.C.) led the Romans is Social War and later became dictator and master

of the city of Rome. He brought Corinthian columns form the temple of Olympian

Zeus in Athens to renew the shrine of the Roman Jupiter in the capital. This act

symbolized the transferal of spiritual power from the aristocracy of the Senate

to autocratic leaders, and art began to be shaped by their preferences. This

satisfied the Roman desire for grandiose architecture by being the model of

Hellenistic majestic ornate style. The first leader to resolve the conflict of

this desire for "magnificence beyond anything the world had ever seen"

and the moralistic fear that Greek art was "corrupting Roman virtues"

was Augustus Caesar. He used art as imperialistic treasures with his building

program. Some examples of his architecture are; the Forum, Council House and

Temple of Apollo on the Palatine. These examples illustrate effectively the

might and grandeur of the Roman Empire. The reign of Augustus brought forth the

mindfulness of other art forms, such as literature. Virgil (70-19...

"Age Of Fable Or Beauties Of Mythology" Webster's Encyclopedia.
Webster's Interactive Encyclopedia 1998.© Encore Software. 1998 Helicon
Publishing Ltd. CD "Cassandra." Microsoft® Encarta® 98 Encyclopedia.
© 1993-1997 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Hanfmann, George M. A.
The Problem of Roman Art. A Modern Survey of the Art of Imperial Rome. (Little,
Brown and Company) New York. 1975. Pp. 15-19, 24-26 "Homer." Microsoft®
Encarta® 98 Encyclopedia. © 1993-1997 Microsoft Corporation. All rights
reserved. "Laocoön." Microsoft® Encarta® 98 Encyclopedia. ©
1993-1997 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. "Virgil."
Microsoft® Encarta® 98 Encyclopedia. © 1993-1997 Microsoft Corporation. All
rights reserved. Virgil. The Aeneid, Book II. Trans. Allen Mandelbaum. © 1971
by Allen Mandelbaum. By permission of Bantam Books. Inc. All Rights Reserved.
P.p. 36-37. "World Civilizations: The Classical Period In WorldHistory."
Webster's Encyclopedia. Webster's Interactive Encyclopedia 1998.© Encore
Software. 1998 Helicon Publishing Ltd. CD You should cite this paper as follows:

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