Diving Sport Essay

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"There you are, totally weightless, quietly soaring just above the sea

floor with only the smallest amount of physical exertion. Small fish come out of

their holes to look at you. How about that? You are the curiosity. You are the

thing that does not belong. Perhaps this is why you dive. You are taking part in

exploring man's last ecological frontier. The very thought would excite anyone

whose blood still flows in his veins. The diver is the observer, he looks at

everything he can. He totally forgets the outside world" (Reseck 4). When I

first read this piece, I got goosebumps. For years man has explored this vast

universe, spending millions of dollars, and only making a tiny scratch on its

surface. For me, to be able to explore a world completely different from mine

sounds like an opportunity of a lifetime. When I had to choose a topic for my

senior project, scuba diving was the most compelling of all. This paper is about

the development and use, the techniques, and the physiological concerns of scuba

diving. Man underwater dates all the way back to the Iliad, but sports diving

for fun and for a profession is fairly new. If one has ever been underwater, he

should know that breathing is impossible. In the early 1940's, Jaques Yves-Cousteau,

a Frenchman, developing something that is now a very important asset to scuba

diving. It is known to us as a "regulator." The regulator conserved

air by releasing only the amount of air the Korell 2 diver needed to breathe.

This increased the time the diver could stay down on one tank of air to about

one hour if he were in shallow depths. Cousteau's regulator was simple and

inexpensive and marked the beginning of the sport of scuba diving. The sport

grew somewhat slowly through the late 40's and early 50's because, although the

diver could now stay underwater for an extended period of time, in most parts of

the world the water was so cold that he was forced to leave the water after a

short time (Reseck 16). In the early 1950's, rubber suits were designed. They

were used to keep the diver warm. These old "dry suits" were worn over

long underwear and sweat suits or sweaters. The clothing acted as an insulator,

and the rubber suit was used to simply keep the insulation dry. But when the

easily punctured "dry suits" were torn, the insulation became wet,

thus causing the insulation to be ineffective. But a new suit, called the

"wet suit" was invented. The wet suit actually strapped a thin layer

of water next to the diver's body, which soon heated up to body temperature and

acted as insulation. Nowadays, foam neoprene is used for all wet suits. When the

demand for wet suits increased, manufacturers developed the standard small,

medium, and large sizes. As the market continued to grow, the neoprene material

was improved by making it softer and more flexible. A backing was also added on

the neoprene to increase its durability and service. The market grew larger

still, and ready made suits came in extra small, small, medium, medium large,

large, and extra large sizes. Today, almost anyone can walk into a store and

come out with a good suit that fits (Reseck 17). Korell 3 Scuba diving can be

very dangerous and, if not approached safely, one must know the precautions and

dangers before jumping into water to dive. There are several ways to dive

underwater. One way is the Pike Surface dive. Start from a prone position on the

surface. Sweep both arms back toward the hips at the same time and bend sharply

at the hips so that the head and trunk point directly toward the bottom of the

pool. With palms facing forward, bring the arms up forcibly, in line with the

head, and lift both legs--straight and together--out of the water so that they,

too, form a straight line with the body. Let the weight of the legs force the

body to submerge. Do not kick until the feet are below the surface, then either

kick for greater depth or straighten out for an underwater swim (Counsilman and

Drinkwater 29). Another dive is the Feet First dive. Tread water over the spot

where the dive is to be made. Raise the body out of the water with a strong kick

and a downward push with the hands and arms. Then straighten legs, point toes,

and raise the arms overhead. The weight of the upper body and the arms will

force the entire body under the surface. When the downward motion stops, bend at

the hips and, with and underwater pike, either continue the dive headfirst or

level off to swim (Counsilman and Drinkwater 29). The mask, the snorkel, and the

fins are three of the most important tools in diving. Occasionally, water may

seep into the mask, or the mask may become dislodged and flooded while the diver

is under the surface. Sometimes a diver can simply surface when the mask becomes

flooded, but it may be necessary to clear the mask before surfacing in order to

have visibility during the ascent. Grasp the mask Korell 4 and pull it away from

the face to allow the mask to flood. Roll the head to one side so that the face

plate is turned to the surface. Hold the uppermost side of the mask firmly

against the face, and exhale into the mask through the nose. The air trapped in

the mask will fill the space and force the water out under the bottom edge. Some

divers prefer to clear the mask by holding it firmly against the forehead and

tilting the head back until they are looking up at the surface before blowing

into it. Common errors are failing to tilt the mask toward the surface, pressing

the top edge so tightly against the face that the mask is pulled away from other

parts of the face, and allowing air to escape under the top edge of the mask by

failing to hold the mask firmly in place (Counsilman and Drinkwater 31-33). The

snorkel is a critical tool for breathing underwater. Most divers attach the

snorkel to the mask strap so it cannot be easily lost underwater. First, slip

the mouthpiece into the mouth and bite down on the rubber projections with

teeth. The wide flange should fit between the teeth and lips. It is common for

the snorkel, stand in shallow water, take a deep breath and submerge until the

snorkel is completely filled. Straighten out until the back of the head is clear

of the water but the face is still submerged. Next, make a quick hard blow to

clear the water from the tube. Now you should have a clear snorkel (Counsilman

and Drinkwater 33). The fins are what make you move through the water in a

faster and less rigorous fashion. Walking in fins on land should not be done

because they are extremely awkward and could cause a fall. In shallow water, it

is easier to walk backwards if you move slowly and slide the feet along the

bottom. When the diver is Korell 5 equipped with fins, the hands are rarely used

and held at the sides to help keep the body straight. When the fins are used,

the most common kick is...

Counsilman and Drinkwater. Beginning Skin and Scuba Diving. Belmont, CA:
Wadsworth Publishing Company, Inc. 1964. Griffiths, Tom. Sport Scuba Diving in
Depth. Princeton, NJ: Princeton Book Co., Publishing. 1985. NAUI--Adventures In
Scuba Diving. St. Louis, MO: Mosby--Year Book, Inc. 1995. Nonnelly, Doug.
Personal Interview. 1 Nov. 1998. Reseck, John. Scuba--Safe and Simple. Englewood
Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, Inc. 1975. You should cite this paper as follows:

MLA Style
. EssayMania.com. Retrieved on 24 May, 2012 from
    <http://essaymania.com/168280/diving-sport>

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