Universal Neurosis Term paper
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Sigmund Freud defined the goal of psychoanalysis to be to replace unconscious
with conscious awareness, where his ego shall be, and
through this an individual would achieve self-control and reasonable
satisfaction of instincts. His fundamental ideas include psychic determinism,
the power and influence of the unconscious, as opposed to the pre-conscious
mind, the tripartite division into id, ego and super-ego, and of course the
ideas of universal illusion and universal effects of the Oedipal Complex. The
examination of the Oedipal Complex is the most essential to the understanding of
Freud`s theories since he claimed that due to the resistance, repression,
and transference of early sexual energies the world had developed a universal
complex which did not allow for the healthy development of individual`s
but lead instead to the neurosis and mass illusion of religion. For his
perceivably vicious attacks on religion and his logical and yet totally
undermining examination of religion and other vital social issues, Freud has
been slandered and his theories criticised simply because of the away he
addressed these painful issues. Through the systematic development of the
theories of psychoanalysis, all stemming from one another and all tied together
into a universal Oedipal Complex and religious illusion, the ideas of the
tripartite human psyche and wish-fulfilment that Freud developed came under fire
from critics for their controversial messages and analysis. Briefly stated, the
Oedipus Complex is the preservation in the adult individual of the perceptions,
strategies and scars of a conflict the individual underwent during his/her
pre-school years. According to Freud, these perceptions, etc, later colour and
shape the individual's future experiences. This psychological crisis results
when a young child's sexual desire for the parent of the opposite sex collides
with the competition, rivalry and overwhelming power of the parent of the same
sex. According to Freudian theory, the ghosts of this Oedipal crisis haunt us
our entire lives. Psychopathology, slips of the tongue, dreams, and religious
experience all were understood to be functions whose origins and energy resulted
from this repressed material. In his later work, Freud interpreted the reports
of his clients (reports offered under hypnosis, under verbal encouragement and
suggestion, and finally, in the later work, reports given through
free-associations) as revealing a universal Oedipal drama. Freud found what he
took to be evidence for the universal existence of the Oedipus Complex in the
testimony of patients, in his analysis of the repressed in dreams, in slips,
wit, and the transference phenomenon, as well as in art, philosophy and
religion. As the child develops, he/she identifies with the parent of the same
sex and renounces incestual desire. This renunciation is achieved and
strengthened by the formation of the super-ego, a section of the child's ego
identified with the childhood image of the parents (the parental Imago)
perceived in consciousness as conscience and as the ego ideal. The ego ideal is
the self`s conception of how he/she wishes to be and is a substitute for
the lost narcissism in childhood when I was my own ideal. When
projected onto or into the world, the Imago (a word used by Freud to describe
unconscious object-representations) is taken by the experience to be a veridical
perception of a divine being. Throughout life, these experiences of this
childhood conflict are alive and present in the unconscious of the individual.
This childish, magically thinking, ever desiring, instinctually driven self is
described topographically by Freud in his tripartite division of the person as
the id (Latin for it). That part of the individual
responsible for maintaining congress and connection with reality and mediating
between the id and reality is the ego. That part of the ego,
largely and usually unconscious, which bears and enforces the ego ideal, is the super-ego. An activity is ego-syntonic just in case it strengthens
the ego in its function of mediating between the demands of reality, basic
instinctual drives (of appetite, aggression, and sexuality), and conscience. As
mediator, the ego needs to make adequate contact with both the external and
internal demands involved. Thus, one of its main tasks is reality
testing - making an accurate determination of the limits imposed on the
organism by the external world including one's own body. Illusory beliefs are
not ego-syntonic and are thus ultimately destructive if allowed to control
individuals...
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