Relativity Theory Term paper
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The theory of relativity was introduced by Albert Einstein around the early
nineteen hundereds. It is a theory which enables the human mind to understand
the possible actions of the universe. The theory is divided into two parts, the
special, and the general. In each part, there is a certain limit to which it
explains and helps to comprehend. In the special, Einstein explains ways of
understanding the atom and other small objects, while the general is designed
for the study of large objects, such as planets. The theory of relativity having
being created, succeeded the two hundred year old mechanics of Isaac Newton,
thus showing Einstein as more of a futuristic thinker and adapter. Einstein
introduced the concept of Relativity, which means that there is no absolute
motion in the universe. Einstein showed that humans are not in a flat, absolute
time of everyday experience, but in a curved space-time. Take for example the
Earth as a whole. The earth has a circumference of around twenty five thousand
miles, and it can be covered within a twenty-four hour time frame. Having this
completion of distance covered within the set amount of time, shows that the
Earth rotates a little over one-thousand miles per hour. it can be assumed that
something in the solar system is not moving, and we can measure how fast the
earth is moving by relative to the object. However, no matter what object is
chosen, it is moving as well, thus showing that nothing is fixed and that
everything is moving, and it is unknown how fast or in what direction. The
Theory of Relativity is a theory compressing mechanics, gravitation, and
space-time. Having known this, it is seen so that all things are related, but
can not be thought of as individual. The Theory of Relativity is known for
having two parts to it. The first part is the special relativity; the other is
the general relativity. Special relativity is known for it’s publication in
1906; it is used for microscopic physics, such as atoms and small objects. The
other type of relativity, the general, is known for its publication in 1916,
well after the birth of it’s counterpart. The general half of the theory is
intended for astrophysics and cosmology, such as solar systems, planets, and
large objects. A British Astronomer named Sir Arthur Eddington, was one of the
first to fully understand the Theory of Relativity. A little humor about his
intelligence can be seen to when he was asked about there being three people who
understood the Theory of Relativity, his response was “who is the third?”
The discovery of Quasars, the 3 kelvin microwave background radiation, pulsars,
and possibly blackholes were studied with to see the accuracy of the Theory of
Relativity with gravity. This led the development of the space program,
telescopes, computers, etc…to make better calculations of the accuracy of the
theory. The Theory of Relativity has two main parts, the special and the
general. The internal part of the special theory is in reference to any region,
such as a free falling laboratory, in which objects move in straight lines and
have uniform velocities. In the lab, nothing would appear to be moving if
everything in the lab was falling, the movement of the lab is relevant to the
person that is in the lab. The principle of relativity theorizes that
experiments in an internal frame, is independent from uniform velocity of the
frame. An example of this is the speed of light. The speed of light within the
internal frame is the same for all, regardless of the speed of the observer. Two
events that are simultaneos in one frame, may not be simultaneos when viewed
from a frame moving relative to the first one. Movement looks different
depending on where the observer is located, how fast it is moving, and in what
direction. An interesting fact about the special relativity, is that the
mechanical foundations of special relativity were researched in 1908 by a german
mathmetician named, Hermann Minkowski. Minkowski ler einstein to postulate the
vanishing of gravity in free fall. In any free fall, laws of physics should take
on special relitavistic forms, this is what led to the EEP(Eisteins Equivalence
Principle.) A consequence of EEP is that the space time must be curved. It is
techinical, consider two frames falling freely, but on opposite sides of the
Earth. According to Minkowski, spare time is valid locally in each frame, but
since the frames are accelerating towards each other, the two Minkowski
space-times can not be extended untill they meet. Therefor, with gravity, space
time is not flat locally, but spaced globally. Any theory of gravity that
fulfills EEP, is called a metric theory. Along with the special side of the
theory, is the genral side of it. The principle to show space-time curved by
presence of matter. To determine curvature, requires a specific metric theory of
gravity, such as general relativity. Einsteins aim was to find the simplist
equations, he found a set of 10. To test the general theory Einstein performed
three tests. Gravitational red shift, light deflection, and perihelion shift of
mercury. To test light deflection, Einstein used the curve space-time of the sun
light; it shoul be deflected 1.75 seconds of arc if it...
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