Prince And Discourses Term paper
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Although many of the same ideas are contained in both The Prince and the
Discourses, these two works differ significantly in emphasis because they
discuss two different types of political systems. The Prince, is one of the
first examinations of politics and science from a purely scientific and rational
perspective. In The Prince, Machiavelli was concerned with a principality, a
state in which one ruler or a small elite governs a mass of subjects who have no
active political life. Machiavelli addresses a monarchical ruler, the Medici,
and offered advice designed to keep that ruler in power. He recommended policies
that would discourage mass political activism and channel the subjects energies
into private pursuits. Machiavelli's aim was to persuade the monarch that he
could best preserve his power by using violence carefully and economically, by
respecting the persons, property, and traditions of his subjects, and by
promoting material prosperity. The ruling Prince should be the sole authority
determining every aspect of the state and put in effect policies which serves
his best interests. These interests were gaining, maintaining, and expanding his
political. However, Machiavelli did not feel that a Prince should mistreat his
citizens. This suggestion is once again to serve the Prince's best interests. If
a prince can not be both feared and loved, Machiavelli suggests, it would be
better for him to be feared by the citizens within his own principality. He
makes the generalization that men are, "...ungrateful, fickle, liars, and
deceivers, they shun danger and are greedy for profit; while you treat them well
they are yours". He characterizes men as being self centered and not
willing to act in the best interest of the state,"[and when the prince] is
in danger they turn against [him]". Machiavelli reinforces the prince's
need to be feared by stating: "Men worry less about doing an injury to one
who makes himself loved than to one who makes himself feared. The bond of love
is one which men, wretched creatures they are, break when it is to their
advantage to do so; but fear is strengthened by a dread of punishment which is
always effective". In order to win honor, Machiavelli suggests that a
prince must be readily willing to deceive the citizens. One way is to
"...show his esteem for talent actively encouraging the able and honoring
those who excel in their professions...so that they can go peaceably about their
business". By encouraging citizens to excel at their professions he would
also be encouraging them to "...increase the prosperity of the their
state". These measures, though carried out in deception, would bring the
prince honor and trust amongst the citizens, especially those who were in the
best positions to oppose him. Machiavelli actively promoted a secular form of
politics. He laid aside the medieval conception "of the state as a
necessary creation for humankind's spiritual, material, and social well
being". In such a state,"[a] ruler was justified in his exercise of
political power only if it contributed to the common good of the people he
served, [and] the ethical side of a prince's activity...ought to [be] based on
Christian moral principles...." Machiavelli believed a secular form of
government to be a more realistic type. His views were to the benefit of the
prince, in helping him maintain power rather than to serve to the well being of
the citizens. Machiavelli promoted his belief by stating: "The fact is that
a man who wants to act virtuously in every way necessarily comes to grief among
those who are not virtuous. Therefore, if a prince wants...
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