Jazz In 1920s Term paper
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The 1920's was a huge decade for the phenomena known as "Jazz". Due to
the closing of the seaport in New Orleans, musicians were forced to travel up
the Mississippi to find work. Two of the cities most affected by this move were
Chicago and New York. Chicago was home primarily for New Orleans traditional
music during the 1920's. From this New Orleans style came four major types of
jazz: Boogie-Woogie, Chicago Jazz, Urban Blues, and Society Dance Bands. Because
of the ever-growing popularity of nightclubs during Prohibition, these styles of
jazz thrived so musicians were guaranteed jobs. The popularity of the phonograph
also provided a huge boost to the music industry during the 1920's. Boogie-Woogie
was a style of improvised piano music played during the '20's in Chicago. It got
its start in the mining areas of the Midwest. The rolling, repetitious style was
the beginning of the Midwestern shuffle style. The second type of jazz popular
during this time was Chicago Jazz. It was played mostly by white musicians.
Chicago Jazz tended to be very aggressive and usually ended abruptly. Since
Chicago had more nightclubs than New York, it held a bigger attraction for
musicians. It was only after the stock market crash in 1929 that New York
replaced Chicago as a jazz capital. This style of jazz was tighter and more
rehearsed than others. The next kind of jazz to emerge during the 1920's was
Urban Blues. This was played primarily in an area known as the "bucket of
blood." This referred to an area along the South Side of Chicago. The clubs
there were known to hire the "who's who" of blues musicians. The last
major style of jazz to emerge from Chicago during the '20's was Society Dance
Bands. These bands were usually big with plush arrangements. They were located
downtown and were slower paced and had no improvisation. They were designed
mainly for dancing. They had a more sophisticated sound that was copied by other
bands because it was so successful. Following is a list of some of the major
mover and shakers to come out of Chicago during the 1920's. Joe Oliver
(1885-1938) The "King" played the cornet and was one of the most
important pure jazz musicians. He is mostly known for his time spent with his
Creole Jazz Band. Recognition should be given to the fact that Louis Armstrong
got much of his fame when he played with Oliver's band as a "hot jazz"
specialist. Louis Armstrong (1901-1971) Armstrong is known as the
"father" of the jazz trumpet. He was responsible for making the
trumpet popular in jazz. He is also considered to be the first serious soloist
in jazz. It is thought that Armstrong's time in a reformatory gave him the
social "tools" necessary to survive and also gave him his rough
ragtime trumpet sound. Meade Lux Lewis (1905-1964) Lewis was one of the leading
boogie-woogie pianists. He was the third member of one of the biggest jazz
boogie-woogie trios in history. He worked as a cab driver during the day and
played gigs at night. Pete Johnson (1904-1967) Also a boogie-woogie piano
master, Johnson unfortunately had trouble handling the business side of music.
He therefore had to often take day jobs to sustain himself. Benny Goodman
(1909-1986) Known as the "King of Swing", Goodman played the clarinet.
His band was originally thought of as a dance band. But with the help of
Fletcher Henderson, along with others, Goodman's band took on the
characteristics of a true jazz orchestra. Paul Whiteman (1890-1967) Whiteman is
credited for introducing more people to jazz during the 1920's than any other
person. He originally played violin, but ended up being a bandleader full time.
His huge success allowed him to...
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