Term paper on Alzheimer S Disease
Alzheimer S Disease Essays
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Alzheimer's Disease is a progressive and irreversible brain disease that
destroys mental and physical functioning in human beings, and invariably leads
to death. It is the fourth leading cause of adult death in the United States.
Alzheimer's creates emotional and financial catastrophe for many American
families every year. Fortunately, a large amount of progress is being made to
combat Alzheimer's disease every year. To fully be able to comprehend and combat
Alzheimer's disease, one must know what it does to the brain, the part of the
human body it most greatly affects. Many Alzheimer's disease sufferers had their
brains examined. A large number of differences were present when comparing the
normal brain to the Alzheimer's brain. There was a loss of nerve cells from the
Cerebral Cortex in the Alzheimer's victim. Approximately ten percent of the
neurons in this region were lost. But a ten percent loss is relatively minor,
and cannot account for the severe impairment suffered by Alzheimer's victims.
Neurofibrillary Tangles are also found in the brains of Alzheimer's victims.
They are found within the cell bodies of nerve cells in the cerebral cortex, and
take on the structure of a paired helix. Other diseases that have "paired
helixes" include Parkinson's disease, Down's Syndrome, and Dementia
Pugilistica. Scientists are not sure how the paired helixes are related in these
very different diseases. Neuritic Plaques are patches of clumped material lying
outside the bodies of nerve cells in the brain. They are mainly found in the
cerebral cortex, but have also been seen in other areas of the brain. At the
core of each of these plaques is a substance called amyloid, an abnormal protein
not usually found in the brain. This amyloid core is surrounded by cast off
fragments of dead or dying nerve cells. The cell fragments include dying
mitochondria, presynaptic terminals, and paired helical filaments identical to
those that are neurofibrillary tangles. Many neuropathologists think that these
plaques are basically clusters of degenerating nerve cells. But they are still
not sure of how and why these fragments clustered together. Congophilic
Angiopathy is the technical name that neuropathologists have given to an
abnormality found in the walls of blood...
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