Justice Term paper
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Over the last thirty years, minorities have been given a better chance to
succeed in America by way of Affirmative Action. Recently, there has been a
surge of non-minority Americans claiming reverse racism. Affirmative Action is
now being called “preferential treatment”. In the beginning, it was designed
to help minorities have a more equal opportunity in the world. A group of
non-minority Americans in California claimed that they were being denied
admittance to universities in the admitting process. This led to Ward Connerly,
a member of University of California Regents, promoting the anti Affirmative
Action message (NLSPAC, 1). Proposition 209 bans both discrimination and
preferential treatment to various minorities on the basis of race, creed, sex,
or place of origin (NLSPAC, 1). Connerly does not clearly structure his mode of
thought. His understanding of reality is not real pertaining to minorities. The
social context of Affirmative Action is its origin in the Civil Rights Movement.
It was designed to give minorities and women special consideration for
contracts, employment, and education (Froomkin, 2). Connerly is not a woman and
he does not acknowledge the fact that he is African American, a minority.
Connerly owns a consulting firm and only divulges his race when necessary, “ I
felt that it could be damaging to my business to be identified as a minority
firm,” he says (Pooley, 4). Connerly does not understand or cannot relate to
other minorities about the struggles that minority’s face getting into
corporate America. Since Connerly has already received his degree, owns his own
business, and does not reveal his race for contracts, he does not understand
what minorities who do not have these things go through. Therefore, his mode of
thought is completely obscured and distorted. I consider Connerly’s group to
be minorities. However, he cannot relate to his group because he does not speak
the same language as his group. By language, I mean social attitude. Most
minorities try to accept all of the help they can get. For instance, the
government will defer a company’s capital gains taxes indefinitely if that
company sells a cable system to a partnership controlled by a minority (Birnbaum,
1). There have been other programs like this one where minorities benefited.
This too will end if Affirmative Action is ended. Connerly does not understand
that minorities still need special privileges to be as successful as
non-minorities. He does not realize how much minorities stand to lose.. The
meanings or opinions of a situation depend on which group you belong to in
society. There are two different opinions to the same situation. One is held by
minorities and the other by non-minorities. Connerly associates himself with the
non-minorities. Connerly’s inherited situation changed twice during his
childhood. When he was four, his mother died and he was taken in by his middle
class uncle and aunt (Pooley, 3). At age twelve, he went to live with his
grandmother who was in the lower class bracket. It was during this time that
Connerly’s work ethic and also hate of his race began (Pooley, 3). He worked
to help his grandmother and resented the fact he went to a lower income
household. Connerly could not further his ways of knowing in his inherited
situation because he disassociated himself from others in his race. This is due
to struggles that he faced. Connerly’s struggle with nature is one of his
biggest problems. It is a natural fact that he was born a black male in the late
1930’s in a lower class family. Civil Rights had not been established and he
was considered an inferior citizen. Connerly wishes he could live in a
colorblind society. Therefore, he could not be classified by something he wishes
he were not. The struggle of an individual with another individual happens on a
daily basis. Minorities and non-minorities compete for contracts, educational,
and employment opportunities on a daily basis. This causes major conflict
between people. Critics of Affirmative Action claim that schools rely too
heavily on racial double standards (Gwynne, 2). Now that Affirmative Action is
helping minorities, non-minorities are feeling the same effects of not getting
jobs and contracts that they had been getting previously. The playing field is
more equal and non-minorities are getting upset. They are the ones who are being
passed over for jobs, contracts, and educational opportunities. That is how
Connerly got involved with Proposition 209. His friends, Jerry and Ellen Cook,
(a white family) were upset that their son was not accepted into the school of
his choice (Lynch, 1). Helping the Cook’s became his mission. This is another
example of struggles between social groups. The particular issue, Affirmative
Action, always leads to clashes between race and gender. America has many
problems and race is a large part of many problems. People of different races
have been arguing since the forming of our country. It has even lead to a civil
war. Gender is another problem since women are steadily moving up the corporate
ladder. People have been trying to overcome the limitations imposed upon them by
society for centuries. Non-whites have to prove themselves worthy and competent.
Society has labeled them as slackers, lazy, and inferior. Women have been trying
to overcome being seen only as domestics and homemakers. This has taken many
years. Women could not even vote until the twentieth century. It has gotten
better for women, but there is still a glass ceiling that they reach. Connerly
has a problem with the struggle regarding his understanding with his group. He
does not fully understand the true day to day struggles that minorities go
through. The human possibilities are endless for minorities if given the chance.
The government has come to realize the detrimental effects that would come if
Affirmative Action were abolished. Social groups are very practical about their
concerns. People’s basic concerns are making a descent living and providing
for their families. This is why minorities are upset that Connerly is supporting
Proposition 209. Social groups are close knit groups. When something happens to
effect the group the bond gets closer, however there is backstabbing, and mud
slinging among them. When Connerly went public, there was an outcry from
minorities all over the country. They rallied together and tried to stop this
initiative. Rev. Jesse Jackson organized rallies and others got petitions
together. Social groups exist for very real purposes. Hispanics and women are
gearing up to lobby together to save as many programs as they can (Birnbaum, 1).
Individuals in this country have not been very successful fighting for causes by
themselves. Connerly is just another example of one group using a person from an
opposing group to make a point. Connerly chose to help end the very program that
helped him start his own business. Connerly has been...
Birnbaum, Jeffery. “Turning Back the Clock.” URL: http://cgi.pathfinder.com/time/magazine/1995/950320.politics.html(March 20, 1995) Froomkin, Don. “Affirmative Action under Attack.” URL:
http://wpo.washingtonpost.com (October 23, 1998) Gwynne, S.C. “Back to the
Future.” URL: http://cgi.pathfinder.com/time/magazine/1997/dom/970602/nation.back_to_the_f.html
(June 2, 1997) Lynch, Michael. “Racial Preferences Are Dead.” URL: http://www.reasonmag.com
(February 1998) New Liberal Society Political Action Committee. “About Ward
Connerly.” URL: http://www.nlspac.org/aa/connerly.html (February 1999) Pooley,
Eric. “Fairness or Folly?” URL: http://cgi.pathfinder.com/time/magazine/dom/970623/race.fairness_or_fo.html
(June 23, 1997)
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