Landslides Essay
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Causing $1-2 billion in damages and more than 25 deaths per year, landslides are
a major geologic hazard, caused by earthquakes and floods. Although, landslides
are generally not as exciting or costly as earthquakes, major floods, tropical
storms, and other natural disasters, they occur in more expanded places and may
cause more property damage than any other geologic hazards. A wide variety of
ground movements, such as rock falls, slope failure, and shallow debris flows
can classify landslides. When a portion of a hill slope cannot support its own
weight a landslide will occur. When rainfall or some other water source
increases the water content of the slope the weakness is irritated, reducing the
strength of the materials. Although gravity acting upon an increased slope is
the main reason for a landslide, there are other elements that contribute to its
cause. Loud sounds that occur during an earthquake also cause landslides.
Erosion caused by rivers, glaciers, or ocean waves create oversteepened slopes.
Heavy rains and melting snow weaken rock and soil slopes. Furthermore,
vibrations from machinery, traffic, and even thunder may trigger failure of weak
slopes. Excess water can run through slope material and can cause a debris flow
or mud flow. The rock and mud left over after a landslide may pick up anything
in its path, such as trees, houses, and cars, causing bridges and tributaries to
become blocked which causes flooding throughout its path. Even though, the
natural cause of most landslides is unable to be stopped, geologic
investigations, good engineering practices and effective enforcement of land-use
management regulations can cut back landslide danger. Landslides effect every
state in the United States territory. The Appalachian Mountains, the Rocky
Mountains and the Pacific Coastal Ranges and few parts of Alaska and Hawaii have
intense landslide problems. USGS marine scientists have recently identified over
fifteen giant landslides surrounding the Hawaiian Islands. These slides are some
of the largest known on Earth, and most have taken place...
"Giant Landslides Around the Hawaiian Islands". http://walrus.wr.usgs.gov/docs/projects/haland.htmlmaintained by Molly Gowen Groome last modified June 10, 1998, accessed 12/10/98.
This page updated: 16 November 1998 For suggestions and comments please send
e-mail to: nlic@usgs.gov. Page URL: http://landslides.usgs.gov/html_files/nlicsun.html
11/30/1998 The URL of this page is http://landslides.usgs.gov/html_files/nlic/new1ft.shtml
Contact: Webmaster@gldage.cr.usgs.gov Updated: Monday November 16 1998
"Landslides." http://germantown.k12.il.us/html/landslides.html
11/30/98 "Fact
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