History Of Communication Essay
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Since the beginning of time, people have
had the need to communicate with one
and other. The most common type
of communication is speech, but you could not talk to
someone who lived 20 miles away.
Then written language was developed, people marked
symbols on paper, stone, or whatever was
available. Then hundreds of years passed, and
people who wanted to share their ideas
with people had to do allot of writing, until
someone thought to make a writing machine.
This machine is called the printing press.
Gutenberg's invention of the printing
press is widely thought of as the origin of
mass communication-- it marked Western
culture's first viable method of disseminating
ideas and infomation from a single source
to a large and far-ranging audience. The story of
print is a long and complax one. It may
be too much to claim that print was the single
cause of the massive social, political
and psychological changes it is associated with.
However, print did wield enormous influence
on every aspect of European culture. Some
historians suggest that print was instrumental
in bringing about all the major shifts in
science, religion, politics and the modes
of thought that are commonly associated with
modern Western culture.
Gutenberg foresaw enormous profit-making
potential for a printing press that used
movable metal type. Despite their rapid
growth in numbers, secular scribes simply could
not keep up with the commercial demand
for books. Gutenberg also saw strong maket
potential in selling indulgences, the
slips of paper offering written dispensation from sin
that the Church sold to fund crusades,
new buildings and other projects devoted to
expanding its dominance. In fact, press
runs of 200,000 indulgences at a time were
common soon after the handwritten versions
became obsolete.
There were many different innovations
since the first hand operated printing press.
The Stanhope press, which was widely used
for many years, still used a hand-operated
screw to press print and paper, but it
could print up to 250 sheets an hour. A considerable
improvement was the Colombian press.
In this press, the typical screw method was
eliminated, and replaced with powerful
hand levers.
All of there presses, and variants
of them, had two features in common: they were
manually operated, and the flat surfaces
of print and paper were pressed together by a
screw or lever. A man names Fredric
Koenig invinted the steam press, this press has a
cylinder which rolled the paper over the
inked type. This press was much more efficient,
and could print up to 1000 sheets per
hour. Since then the printing press has progressed
greatly, the fastest printing press in
the world can print up to 110,000 sheets an hour.
The Morse system of telegraphy was
invented by Samuel Morse in the 1840s in the
United Strates. "Morse Code" is essentially
a simple way to represent the letters of the
alphabet using patterns of dots and dashes.
A unique pattern is assigned to each character
of the alphabet, as well as to the ten
numerals. These long and short pulses are translated
into electrical signals by an operator
using a telegraph key, and the electrical signals are
translated back into the alphabetic characters
by a skilled operator at the distant receiving
instrument.
morse telegraphy became the standard
method of electrical communication in both
the United States and Europe due to its
simplicity and ability to work on inferior quality
wires. In 1851, countries in Europe adopted
a new code known as "continental" or
"international" code. This new code was
a modification of the original Morse. The new
code eliminated the characters using spaced
dots which were found to cause errors in
transmission on undersea cables. The new
code became the standard for all telegraph work
except in north america where the original
Morse was used on all landline circuits (except Anti-technologists and political extremists
misinform, and over exaggerate statements that genetic engineering is not
part of the natural order of things. The moral question of genetic
engineering can be answered by studying human evolution and the idea of
survival of the fittest. Williams, Tennessee The Glass Menagerie essay On those occasions they call me - Ell
Diablo! Oh, I could tell you things to make you sleepless!
My enemies plan to dynamite this place. Theyre going to blow us
all sky-high some night! Ill be glad, very happy, and so will you!
Youll go up, up on a broo Our Town by Thorton Wilder (1897 - 1975) essay
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