Gambling Term paper
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Gambling, while it lowers taxes and creates
jobs, it also causes addicts to lose money and therefore creates a higher
crime rate.
A Quick History of Gambling.
Gambling was a popular pastime in North
America long before there was ever a United States. Playing cards and dice
were brought over by both the British and the Dutch. By the end of the
17th century, just about every countryseat in colonial America had a lottery
wheel. Cockfighting flourished thoughout the countries, especially in the
South. Bear Baiting was also a popular sport, but the Puritans banned it.(Ortiz
4)
Almost 100 years later gambling in the
West gave gambling a second life. Early church leader struck down all forms
of gambling and so in the East gambling for the most part died completely.
Far from both government controls and moral interference of reform groups
in the East, gambling became so popular in the West that Monte tables were
often setup in the middle of the town.(Donovon 13)
Organized Crime
During the Prohibition Era (1920-1933),
illegal gambling was organized into an authoritarian regional and national
system. Responsibility for the syndication of gambling is usually attributed
to Arnold Rothstein, who invented the inner-city layoff. He is also known
for master minding the "Black Sox" scandal in which the White Sox threw
the 1919 World Series to the Cincinnati Reds to assure gambling profits.
Gambling legally, once again, becomes
acceptable.
Since the 1970s, the United States has
turned full circle in its attitude toward gambling. Three hundred years
ago, the "sport", mostly in the form of lottery, was seen as a perfectly
acceptable way to raise money for public purposes.(Savage 12) Over the
past several years, slow economic growth, cuts in federal funding to states,
and growing public needs have forced many desperate state and even local
government to seek additional sources of revenue. Most states have turned
to lotteries, horse and dog racing, and, most recently, a growing number
of states have resorted to casino gambling as a way to raise money and
keep taxes low.(James B5)
Sports gambling
During the late 1980s, and early 1990s,
several states have tried to introduce sports betting, either as part of
lottery, like sports pool, or as sports bookmaking. Never the less, the
leader of the nation's sports integrity, including the National
Basketball Association (NBA), the National
Football League (NFL), and Major League Baseball (MLB), were concerned
that the states, in their desperation to raise money, might begin to tie
in sports betting with the lottery. Then the three sports teamed up to
try to put a stop to this. First, they began to put strong pressure on
state legislature not to induce sports betting. Second the sports industry
also started lobbying Congress, and as a result, several bills have been
introduced in the U.S. Congress to limit the growth of sports wagering,
either as part of the lottery or as sports bookmaking.(Savage 18)
Making Gambling Interests Heard
The state legislatures decide if gambling
will become legal in the individual states. Currently, some form of gambling
is legal in all states except Hawaii and Utah. While success is never assured,
revenue-hungry state governments are virtually always willing to give gambling
interests a hearing.
In April 1994, casino interest spent $4.2
million to convince Missouri voters they should permit slot machines in
their state. The vote failed by 1/10 of 1%, so gambling interest spent
another $11.5 million for a similar referendum in November, which passed.
In Connecticut, gambling corporations spent $4.9 billion in a four-year-long
failed effort to get the state to permit the building of a casino in economically
distressed Bridgeport.(Goddu E1)
Gambling is generally a well-regulated
business. Virtually every state that permits casino gambling or pari-mutuel
betting has a state racing or gambling commission to monitor gambling activities.
While today's gambling industry is big business run by huge corporations,
virtually every state regulated commission feels it must show it is making
gave that no underworld or syndicate figures play a role in its state gambling
activities.(Ortiz 50) The commissions also controlled other activities
such as how late casinos may stay open and whether there will be limits
on betting. Since these regulations are usually determined by state legislatures,
it is only natural that gambling companies try to influence their decisions
through lobbyists and political donations.(Siebel 19)
Opposition to Gambling
The rapid expansion of gambling across
the United States has not been well received by all Americans. The failure
of many gambling initiatives over the past few years indicates an opposition
powerful enough to either influence state legislation allowing various
forms of gambling in their state or to govern enough votes to defeat initiatives
which would do the same thing.(Siebel 27)
A Moral Issue
Many who oppose gambling consider it morally
or theologically wrong. The domestic violence and crime that might result
from compulsive gambling could
lead to the breakdown of the family and
divorce. Gambling, especially the lotteries, contribute to the attitude
that a person can get something for...
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