Sociology Both Sides Of Affirmative Action Essay
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Every person in this room will take or has taken the Scholastic Aptitude Test, or SAT. This test is basically used to determine who will succeed in college and who won't. Sounds simple doesn't it? Because each person takes a variation of the same test, the scores can help separate students with almost equal credentials. So you would figure that if you were competing with someone for acceptance to a college and you received a 1300 and the other person, with equal qualifications, received a 1200, you would be chosen, right? Well, maybe not. If you were a white male and the other person was a black female, it is quite possible and even likely that she would take the spot. This is what is known as affirmative action.
Having just taken the PSAT and begun to look into colleges to apply to, the possible ramifications of affirmative action are very important to me. Today I will share with you the principles of affirmative action, its origin in our country, and the criticisms and praises that it has received.
The idea of affirmative action is to fix the results of centuries of discrimination against minorities in the United States. For years, blacks, Asians, women, Hispanics, and all other non-white male groups had been persecuted in this country. They had been denied education, denied full rights as citizens, denied jobs, denied the life that the Constitution promised. This is an undisputed part of our history. Affirmative action sets out to right these injustices. By encouraging the hiring of minorities in the work place and acceptance into college, the playing field, which has for so long been tilted in the favor of the white male, is, idealistically, leveled off. The remote opportunities for minorities are increased, and our society, as a whole, progresses to a much more inclusive nation.
The term affirmative action was coined in 1965 by President Lyndon Johnson, when his executive order commanded federal contractors to "take affirmative action to ensure that applicants are employed, and the employees are treated during employment without regard to their race, creed, color, or national origin." The history behind this issue dates much farther back, though. The 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments began the movement to end discrimination. The Plessy v. Ferguson decision of 1896, held the separate, but equal doctrine in schools. This ruling would stay in affect for 58 years, until 1954, when it was reversed and ended school segregation. It was in this time period that many civil rights initiatives, such as the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965, were adopted or ordered by the President in attempts to end discrimination.
Recently, the practice of affirmative action has come under harsh criticism....
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