Ayatollah Komeini By Matt Scheff Term paper
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In January 1979 a bloody revolution erupted in Iran. The Shiite sect of
Islam sought to eliminate all foreign influences and reestablish traditional
Muslim laws and customs. The man who led them was 75 year old Ruhollah
(Ayotollah) Khomeini. He became the ultimate authority in Iran, and called
for revolutions in other countries as well. "Feared and hated in the west, he
was passionately supported by millions of Iranians"( Diller 218).
It is believed that Khomeini was born sometime around 1902 in the
small village of Khomein. He was the fourth child of a poor religious scholar.
His father died a year later.
Khomeini and his brothers and sisters were raised by their
mother and an aunt, who instilled in them a deep religious fervor
and a strong sense of the importance of combating all enemies of
Islam. These included the British and members of other Muslim
sects, whose beliefs, Khomeini's family was certain, would
destroy the faith. (Haskins 112)
When he was nineteen, he moved to the city of Arak to study under Ayatollah
Abdul Karim Haeri, one of the foremost Islamic theologians of the day. He
spent many years studying with his teacher, and would eventually go on to
teach himself. "He specialized in ethics, philosophy, and mysticism"
(Kjeilen 2). By the 1950's he had earned the title "Ayatollah". An Ayatollah
is a high ranking member of Shiite Islam Clergy. Translated into English it
means "sign of God".
During this time, Shah Riza Pahlevi came to power in Iran. He
introduced sweeping reforms, such as the encouragement of Industry and the
importance of Western style education. Khomeini and other religious leaders
charged that he was destroying Islamic culture.
Riza was succeeded by his son Mohammed. Under Mohammed,
reforms were even more drastic. He began a program called the "White
Revolution". Public education and modernization increased. New rights
were given to women and non-Muslim Iranians Khomeini stood in strong
opposition to the reforms. ...
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