Saint Clement The First Term paper
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Feastday: October 14
Imagine that your biography was written by an enemy of yours. And that its information was all
anyone would have not only for the rest of your life but for centuries to come. You would never be
able to refute it -- and even if you couldno one would believe you because your accuser was a saint.
That is the problem we face with Pope Callistus I who died about 222. The only story of his life we
have is from someone who hated him and what he stood for, an author identified as Saint
Hippolytus, a rival candidate for the chair of Peter. What had made Hippolytus so angry? Hippolytus
was very strict and rigid in his adherence to rules and regulations. The early Church had been very
rough on those who committed sins of adultery, murder, and fornication. Hippolytus was enraged by
the mercy that Callistus showed to these repentant sinners, allowing them back into communion of
the Church after they had performed public penance. Callistus' mercy was also matched by his
desire for equality among Church members, manifested by his acceptance of marraiges between
free people and slaves. Hippolytus saw all of this as a degradation of the Church, a submission to
lust and licentiousness that reflected not mercy and holiness in Callistus but perversion and fraud.
Trying to weed out the venom to find the facts of Callistus' life in Hippolytus' account, we learn that
Callistus himself was a slave (something that probably did not endear him to class-conscious
Hippolytus). His master, Carporphorus made him manager of a bank in the Publica Piscina sector
of Rome where Callistus took in the money of other Christians. The bank failed -- according to
Hippolytus because Callistus spent the money on his own pleasure-seeking. It seems unlikely that
Carporphorus would trust his good name and his fellow Christians' savings to someone that
unreliable.
Whatever the reason, Callistus fled the city by ship in order to escape punishment. When his
master caught up with him, Callistus jumped into the sea (according to Hippolytus, in order to
commit suicide). After Callistus was rescued he was brought back to Rome, put on trial, and
sentenced to a cruel punishment -- forced labor on the treadmill. Carporphorus took pity on his
former slave and manager and Callistus won his release by convincing him he could get some of the
money back from investors. (This seems to indicate, in spite of Hippolytus' statements, that the
money was not squandered but lent or invested unwisely.) Callistus' methods had not improved with
desperation and when he disrupted a synagogue by shouting for money, he was arrested and
sentenced again.
This time he was sent to the mines. Other Christians who had been sentenced there because of
their religion were released by negotiations between the emperor and the Pope (with the help of the
emperor's mistress who was friendly toward...
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