The Spanish Inquisition Term paper
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The word "inquisition" means to examine. Inquisitors would
"examine" suspected Heretics, people whose ideas do not match
those of the Roman Catholic Church, and punish them
accordingly. This meant torture and burning was involved. The
great inquisitional movement that took place in Hispania (before
Spain was unified, the area was known as Hispania), and it was
called The Spanish Inquisition. It took place for approximately
five-hundred years, from the late 15th century to the mid 19th
century. Many ironic elements were involved in the history of
the Inquisition. The Spanish Inquisition lasted longer than any
other preceding it and was the most cruel, bloodthirsty, and
festive of all. The objective of the inquisition, in its early
state, was to convert all Jews into Christians, but later it
contradicted itself by making the new objective to rid the
country of the newly converted Christians. In an age where the
close bond between church and state existed, opposition to the
church was intolerable. The Inquisition caused Spain to become
intellectually backward, and economically and industrially
damaged. The powerful influence of the Inquisition
forbiddened social influences, such as books, from other parts
of Europe to enter Spain. Because of this, the universities
remained stagnant from the lack of understanding about other
civilizations in the rest of Europe. They were unable to keep up
with the rest of the early modern world. As a result of this,
they came into the 20th century intellectually inferior and
bankrupt. With the banished, tortured, and persecuted
heretics in mind, it is possible that the Spanish Inquisition is
perhaps one of the most cruel acts performed on innocent
people in the name of religion.
Before the Spanish Inquisition took place, several other
inquisitional movements appeared, but none quite so barbaric
and brutal as the Spaniard's. Waves of opposition towards the
church swept Europe in the Middle Ages. In the 12th century it
was a modern belief that a peaceful, utopian government could
be obtained if all of the population of the society were "pure"
and Catholic. The Medieval Inquisition was famous inquisitional
movement also. It started in France and Italy. During this time
a group of people called the Albigensies lived in northern Italy
and southern France. They had established a religion called
Manichaeanism which was the belief in two gods, one for good
and one for evil. Pope Gregory IX felt that it was right to
establish the Inquisition as a church law to rid the Holy Roman
Empire from the Albigensies in 1231 AD. This was the start of
the first inquisition. After that it was a common practice in
much of Europe to take Heretics before a trial, then inflict
torture on them forcing them to convert. Those that did not
convert were sent to a public burning or hanging. In 1252 AD,
Pope Innocent IV agreed to use inquisitors to torture sinners
who would not repent their sins and confess. By the fifteen
hundreds, the Inquisition became wealthy, powerful, and greedy.
In the late 15th century, Spain gained its freedom from
the Moors. They were North African people that were Islamic
and controlled much of Spain. The wealthy, educated Jewish
population financially assisted the monarchy to take back Spain
from the Moors. Large prosperous Jewish communities existed
in Spain where they were respected, unlike other areas of
Europe where the Jews were hated, persecuted and were
victims of organized massacres in the late Middle Ages. In
Spain they remained the financial and scientific leaders in the
15th century. Many of the Jews married into Catholic families,
and as a result, many of Spain's Christian leaders were of
Jewish descent. As Spain became a unified country, many
Hispanics forgot the services from which the Jewish had
provided them. All of the sudden, the economy was not in as
good of a shape as it was before, and the Jews became the
center of blame for everything that went wrong. They became
targets for bigotry. False legends were made up about them. A
couple of them included Jews murdering innocent Christian
children. These such legends fueled the expulsion of the Jews
from France and England, and then later the eventual expulsion
from Spain in 1492 AD.
In fear of persecution, thousands of Jews flocked to
churches to convert to Christianity. The government of Spain
started raiding Jewish communities, in search of wealth to
steal. The new group of newly converted Christians were called
Marranos. They made up another large portion of the Hispanic
population. For a while the Marranos had their full rights
restored again. Many of them still practiced Judaism at home
though, out of view of the government. The Jews had to
convert to Christianity, if they did not, they had the choice of
leaving the country or dying. After the Jews were banned from
Spain and the Inquisition was constituted, the Marranos became
the object of attack for the inquisitors. If someone was
suspected of having a tad of Jewish blood, which was ironic
since everyone did, they had the choice of leaving Spain or
dying.
During the reign of King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella,
the Inquisition was established for the first time in Spain in
the Kingdom of Aragon. This was before the unification of
Spain took place. The office of Grand Inquisitor was
appointed by the monarchy with the approval of the Pope.
The first and most notorious Grand Inquisitor was a
Dominican Monk named Tamas de Torquemada. Even though
he was of Jewish descent, he was obsessed in the act of
making heretics confess through torturous, inquisitorial
methods. After the unification of Spain, he convinced King
Ferdinand and Queen Isabella to extend the Inquisition to
the entire Kingdom of Spain. Torquemada told the King and
Queen that the government can obtain great wealth...
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