Term paper on Raku Ware And Staffordshire Pottery
Raku Ware And Staffordshire Pottery Essays
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Raku Ware and Staffordshire Pottery
Essay submitted by Donovan Glass
Raku Ware was originally from Japan in the town of Kyoto and was named after the
Raku family during the 16th Century. At this time, the Emperor Hideyoshi had conquered
Korea and the native potters immigrated to Japan bringing with them pottery
techniques and knowledge.
The pots were produced for the Zan Buddhist tea ceremony and the decorating and
firing of the pots were part of the tea ceremony. Bernard Leach introduced Raku into
the west after living in Japan and China setting up pottery in St. Ives, England in 1920.
It is still popular today, and made almost worldwide. Raku Ware is still produced today
by the 14th generation, of the same Japanese family.
Staffordshire was a large and important part of Britain for earthenware production. The
first known examples of Staffordshire slipware date back to early Seventeenth Century.
Even though lead-glazed earthenware seemed to be established before this time, the
market generally went beyond Staffordshire. Butter pots made in Staffordshire were
well known for their quality by dairy farmers in England and surrounding areas. Slipwares
are named for their decoration with liquid clays, usually poured or trailed onto the pot.
Although this was a highly developed technique in Staffordshire it was used in other
surrounding areas such as London and Wrotham.
Staffordshire slipware usually has three categories flatware which are plates, dishes
and bowls, jugs and lidded pots are classified as hollow ware, and miscellaneous ware
includes money boxes, cradles and candle sticks.
Just as tea was important in the development of Raku Ware in Japan, so the Elers
brothers who studied salt glazes in Europe and moved to Staffordshire in the 1690s,
produced small tea pots, tea canisters, teacups and jugs. They used finely prepared
red clay which was thrown on the wheel, and then lathed when leather hard. (Common
salt is thrown into the kiln during firing 1200oc to produce a salt glaze)
In Raku any clay that copes with the firing technique must be able to withstand heat
shock without warping, distorting or cracking. The clay needs to have particles in it to
allow water to escape quickly so calcinated China clay or clay with temper (grog, flint
or shell) added to it, is successful. This clay occurred naturally in Japan. Many
contemporary potters have favourite clay recipes for their clay bodies when making
Raku Ware.
Staffordshire slipware clays usually have trouble withstanding higher temperatures
without distorting and warping while stoneware can. It was discovered that when
calcined flint was added to the clay, it would allow the pot to withstand higher
temperatures and even whiten the overall appearance of the pot. This whitening effect
in the pots was adapted as a alternative to porcelain. There was not a suitable white
firing china clay as used in the East, found in England, except in Cornwall. The
porcelains in the Staffordshire area are known as ' soft paste ' because of their low
firing temperature and the clay body was rich in quartz and low in clay with glass...
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