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There are numerous things that could be said about Adolf Hitler. Many opinions and arguments
have been made in favor and opposition for this man who is considered both the greatest
murderer of all times and probably the most powerful person ever to exist. He is also probably
one of the most common names in history. Either way I will show you Hitler, the man, the
terror, the legend, you decided.
Many conservatives accuse Hitler of being a leftist, on the grounds that this party was
named "National Socialist." But socialism requires worker ownership and control of the means of
production. In Nazi Germany, private capitalist individuals owned the means of production, and
they in turn were frequently controlled by the Nazi party and state. True socialism does
not advocate such economic dictatorship it can only be democratic. Hitler's other political
beliefs place him almost always on the far right. He advocated racism over racial tolerance,
eugenics over freedom of reproduction, merit over equality, competition over cooperation,
power politics and militarism over pacifism, dictatorship over democracy, capitalism over
Marxism, realism over idealism, nationalism over internationalism, exclusiveness over
inclusiveness, common sense over theory or science, and even held friendly relations with the
Church, even though he was an atheist. Adolf Hitler was a German political and government
leader and one of the 20th century's most powerful dictators, who converted Germany into a
fully militarized society and launched World War II in 1939. Making anti-Semitism a keystone
of his propaganda and policies, he built the Nazi Party into a mass movement. For a time he
dominated most of Europe and North Africa. He caused the slaughter of millions of Jews and
other people whom he considered inferior.
Hitler was born in Braunauam Inn, Austria, the son of a minor customs official
and a peasant girl. He never completed high school, because he was a poor student. He applied
for admission to the Academy of Fine Arts in Vienna twice but was rejected for lack of talent.
Staying in Vienna until 1913, he lived first on an orphan's pension. Later on small earnings
from pictures he drew. He read voraciously, developing anti-Jewish and antidemocratic
convictions, an admiration for the outstanding individual, and a contempt for the masses.
In World War I, in which lasted from 1914-1918, Hitler, by then in Munich,
volunteered for service in the Bavarian army. He proved a dedicated, courageous soldier, but
was never promoted beyond private first class because his superiors thought him lacking in
leadership qualities. After Germany's defeat in 1918 he returned to Munich, remaining in the
army until 1920. His commander made him an education officer, with the mandate to
immunize his charges against pacifist and democratic ideas. In September 1919, he joined the
nationalist German Workers' Party, and in April 1920 he went to work full time for the party,
now renamed the National Socialist German Workers or “Nazi” Party. In 1921 he was elected
party chairman with dictatorial powers.
Hitler spread his gospel of racial hatred and contempt for democracy. He
organized meetings, and terrorized political foes with his personal bodyguard force, the
Sturmabteilung1 He soon became a key figure in Bavarian politics, aided by high officials and
businessmen. In November 1923, a time of political and economic chaos, he led an uprising,
Putsch2, in Munich against the postwar Weimar Republic, proclaiming himself chancellor of a
new authoritarian regime. Without military support, however, the Putsch collapsed.
As leader of the plot, Hitler was sentenced to five years' imprisonment and served nine
months, which he spent dictating his autobiography Mein Kampf or “My Struggle” . The
failure of the uprising taught Hitler that the Nazi Party must use legal means to assume power.
Released as a result of a general amnesty in December 1924, he rebuilt his party without
interference from those whose government he had tried to overthrow. When the Great
Depression struck in 1929, he explained it as a Jewish-Communist plot, an explanation
accepted by many Germans. Promising a strong Germany, jobs, and national glory, he attracted
millions of voters. Nazi representation in the Reichstag3 rose from 12 seats in 1928 to 107 in
1930.
During the following two years the party kept expanding, benefiting from growing
unemployment, fear of Communism, Hitler's self-certainty, and the diffidence of his political
rivals. Nevertheless, when Hitler was appointed chancellor in January 1933, he was expected to
be an easily controlled tool of big business.
Nevertheless, Hitler once in power quickly established himself as a dictator.
A subservient legislature passed the Enabling Act that permitted Hitler's government to make
laws without the legislature. The act effectively made the legislature powerless. Hitler used the
act to Nazify the bureaucracy and the judiciary, replace all labor unions with one
Nazi-controlled German Labor Front, and ban all political parties except his own. The
economy, the media, and all cultural activities were brought under Nazi authority by making an
individual's livelihood dependent on his or her political loyalty. Thousands of anti-Nazis were
taken to concentration camps and all signs of dissent suppressed.
Hitler relied on his secret police, the Gestapo, and on jails and camps to
intimidate his opponents, but many Germans supported him enthusiastically. His armament
drive wiped out unemployment, an ambitious recreational program attracted workers and
employees, and his foreign policy successes impressed the nation. He thus managed to build
support among the German people; he needed their support to establish German rule over
Europe and other parts of the world. Discrediting the churches with charges of corruption and
immorality, he imposed his own brutal moral code. He derived the concept of human equality
and claimed racial superiority for the Aryans, of which he said the Germans were the highest
form. As the master race, they were told, they had the right to dominate all nations they
subjected. The increasingly ruthless persecution of the Jews was to insure the Germans to this
task. Hitler successfully appealed...
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