Essay on Switzerland
Switzerland Term Papers
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Switzerland is a small European country known for its beautiful,
snow-capped mountains and freedom-loving people. The Alps and the Jura
Mountains cover more than half of Switzerland. However, most of the Swiss
people live on a plateau that extends across the middle of the country
between the two mountain ranges. In this region are most of
Switzerland’s capital, Bern, and largest city, Zurich, are also there.
The Swiss have a long tradition of freedom. About 700 years ago,
people in what is now central Switzerland agreed to help each other stay
free from foreign rule. Gradually, people in nearby areas joined them
in what became to be known as the Swiss Confederation. Various Swiss
groups speak different languages. Switzerland has three official
languages—German, French, and Italian. The Latin name for Switzerland,
Helvetia, appears on Swiss coins and postage stamps.
The Swiss now show great pride in their long independence.
Switzerland has no regular army, but almost all the men receive military
training yearly. They keep their weapons and uniforms at home, and can be
called up quickly in an emergency. Local marksmanship contests are held
frequently.
In the early 1500’s, Switzerland established a policy of not taking
sides in the many wars that raged in Europe. During World Wars I and
II, Switzerland remained an island of peace. Almost all the nations
around it took part in the bloody struggles. Switzerland provided safety
for thousands who fled from the fighting, or from political
persecution. The nation’s neutrality policy helped the Swiss develop valuable
banking services to people of countries throughout the world, where banks
are less safe. The League of Nations, the major world organization of
the 1920’s and 1930’s, had its headquarters in the Swiss City of
Geneva. Today, many international organizations, including various United
Nations agencies, have headquarters in Geneva.
Switzerland has limited natural resources, but it is a thriving
industrial nation. Using imported raw materials, the Swiss manufacture
high-quality goods including electrical equipment, machine tools, and
watches. They also produce chemicals, drugs, chocolate, and cheese and
other dairy products.
Government
The government of Switzerland is based on the Swiss Constitution of
1848, which was changed greatly in 1874. The Constitution establishes a
federal republic in which political powers are divided between the
central government and cantonal (state) governments.
In some ways, the Swiss government is one of the most democratic in
the world. Swiss citizens enjoy close control over their laws through
the rights of the referendum and the initiative.
The referendum allows the people to demand a popular vote on laws
passed by the legislature. A vote must be held if 50,000 people request
it. The people can then accept or veto the law.
The initiative gives Swiss citizens the right to bring...
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