Historical Background To Essay
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Karl Marx was a German scholar who lived in the nineteenth century. He
sp most of his life studying, thinking and writing about history and
economics. A many years of study, much of it spent in England, he believed
that he understo more deeply than anyone who had ever lived before him why
there is injustice i world.
He said that all injustice and inequality is a result of one
underlying conflict in society. He called it a 'class struggle', that is,
a conflict bet the class of people who can afford to own money- producing
businesses, whom he called 'capitalists' or 'the bourgeosie', and the
class of people who do not surplus money to buy businesses and who are
therefore forced to work for wage whom he called 'workers'.
Marx said that, because it was always in the economic interest of
capita to take advantage of or 'exploit' workers, nothing could persuade
capitalists change their ways. In other words, peaceful progess toward
equality and socia justice was impossible. The only way to establish
justice, he said, was for t workers to overthrow the capitalists by means
of violent revolution. He urged workers around the world to revolt against
their rulers. "Workers of the worl unite!" he wrote. "You have nothing to
lose but your chains."
Another thing Marx taught was that organized religion, the churches,
help capitalists to keep the workers quiet and obedient. Religion,
according to Mar 'the opiate of the masses'. The church tells working
people to forget about th injustice they meet in their lives and to think
instead of how wonderful it wi in the after- life when they go to heaven.
Marx, with his colleague, Engels, spread his ideas in two famous
books, Capital' and 'The Communist Manifesto'.
In the early years of the twentieth century, Russia was ready for the
ide Marx. The Russian people were extremely discontented with their ruler,
Tsar Nicholas II, who had little interest in governing and was neglecting
the count badly. Making conditions even more miserable for the people were
the hardships the First World War and a particularly cold winter.
By 1917, the Russian people were desperate enough to accept a
revolution. fact, they got two for the price of one, the first in March
when the Tsar was deposed and a provisional government was set up. Then in
November a political called the Bolsheviks led a further rebellion which
ousted the provisional government. The leaders of the Bolsheviks, Lenin and
Trotsky, began to build a Russia, one built on the ideas of Marx, where
everyone was equal, where all property was owned by 'the people' rather
than by capitalists and where the wo were in control of the goernment.
Not long afterward, Communist Russia was attacked by Britain, America
and France, who wanted to get rid of the communist government. They were
afraid...
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