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During the 5th Century B.C., the Athenians government, religion, and architecture
were three of the most important aspects of their polis.
The Athenians had a very good understanding of government, literature, and
science, and had more influence on our civilization than any other people in history.
The Classical Period in Greece lasted 150 years from 480 to 300 B.C. This is
when ancient Greek civilization was at its peak. Athens population was about
300,000 people. The Athenians developed a system of government called democracy,
meaning the government was elected by the people. It was not like our modern day
democracy, because only adult male citizens had a say in the government. The supreme
power of the government was their Assembly. It was open to all adult male citizens. It
met forty times a year. It was guided by a Council of 500 citizens chosen by lot (drawing
a name from a selection of names submitted), from the ten tribes of Athens. The
Athenians day to day decisions were made by the Prytaneis, their inner council of 50.
Metics were the 50,000 foreigners living in Athens during the 5th Century. They had no
active part in the government, and paid light taxes. They were allowed to own slaves.
They were mostly businessmen and craftsmen, like weavers and metalworkers. Some
were doctors and teachers. The Athenians considered the metics valuable members of
their community. Slavery was an accepted part of Athenian life, and over half of the
DeBellis 2
population were slaves. Slaves did most of the manual work. The state also owned
slaves. They were paid a salary and allowed to marry. The 1,000 Scythian archers were
the states best known slaves as they were employed by the police force. The
administration of Athens was divided into phylai, trittyes, and demes.
The Athenian women had no political rights of any kind. They were controlled by
men during every stage of their lives, before marriage by their fathers, and after marriage
by their husbands. Women could only participate in certain festivals, and could not
compete or watch the Olympic Games.
The importance of Athens having a democracy enabled its citizens to have a say
in running their city, it did not matter if they were wealthy land owners or the lower class.
Unlike other city-states of their time like Sparta that was ruled by kings or small groups of
aristocrats. Even though Athens had a so-called democracy , they did not extend equal
rights to slaves and women.
Religion was very important to the Athenians. Religion touched all aspects of their
every day life. Even though all city-states in ancient Greece shared the same language and
culture, they were governed differently and each state choose its own god as its
protector. For the Athenians, religion involved prayer, sacrifice, and purification. There
were no weekends in ancient Greece. The Athenians really looked forward to the forty
religious festivals held each year for the time off work. There was always a lot of food,
drinking, and entertainment during these festivals, especially the Panathenaia Festival held
every July in honor of Athena. Many Athenians had an alter of Zeus in their homes. Zeus
was the king of all gods. He lived on Mount Olympus. The Olympic Games which were
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every four years in Olympia was held in his honor. Outside of the main door of many
Athenian houses was often a statue called Herm of the Messenger, for god Hermes. It Speech On Budget Uniforms And Violence Heart Of Darkness
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