Essay on H H Richardson
H H Richardson Term Papers
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Henry Hobson Richardson, Architect; born in Priestley Plantation, La. He graduated from Harvard (1859) and studied at the Ecole des Beaux-Arts, Paris. He returned to open his practice in New York in 1866, in an early partnership (1867--78) with Charles Dexter Gambrill, designing chiefly churches. After employment in Paris, he began practice (1866) in New York City but moved to Brookline, Mass., in 1874. Trinity Church in Boston (1872-77) was his first monumental work; its French Romanesque design was a departure from the Gothic revival that controlled contemporaneous American architecture. In it and in subsequent works Richardson developed a free and strongly personal interpretation of Romanesque design. His design for Trinity Church, Boston (1872--77), won him national recognition. Practicing independently after 1878 in Brookline, Mass., he designed a number of small suburban libraries and railroad stations, Harvard residence halls, commercial buildings, and private houses, and collaborated on the New York State Capitol, Albany (1876--86). His final works were the Allegheny County Courthouse and Jail, Pittsburgh (1883--88), and the Marshall Field Wholesale Store, Chicago (1885--87), completed by assistants after Richardson's death. Richardson's designs progressively refined Romanesque forms into a style termed "Richardsonian," inspiring the American Romanesque revival. He was a major representative of romanticism in American architecture and was noted for his revival of Romanesque design. The style, known as Richardson Romanesque, spread and won many followers, exerting a great influence upon the building arts of the period, especially in the young, growing cities of Chicago, Cleveland, Cincinnati, and St. Louis. Richardson's buildings showed strength, simplicity, and a skilful employment of varied materials. In his country houses of wood he produced a distinct American type.
At the end of 19th century, Richardson produced the buildings upon which his reputation principally rests. He designed houses, community libraries, suburban railroad stations, educational buildings, and commercial and civic structures. Instead of the splintered massing, narrow vertical proportions, and disparate Gothic features used by his contemporaries, he favoured horizontal lines, simple silhouettes, and uniform, large-scale details of Romanesque or Byzantine inspiration . Since his best commercial structure, the Marshall Field Wholesale Store in Chicago (1885-87), were demolished in 1930.
Constructed between 1885 and 1887, seven storeys high, covering an entire city block, the Marshall Field Wholesale Store, designed by Henry Hobson Richardson. The store was not the tallest masonry structure in Chicago. Moreover, the design featured many soon-to-be anachronistic elements common to the design philosophy taught at Ecole des Beaux...
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