Containment Term paper

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Containment

During the Truman administration, a containment policy was developed. The policy eventually became the central concept defining U.S. foreign policy in the Cold War. To contain Soviet Communism, President Harry Truman used American military and financial resources to help rebuild Western Europe after World War II. Under the Truman Doctrine, President Truman requested Congress for funds to build up Turkey and Greece, two countries that came under pressure from the Soviet Union. Truman stated that, " It must be the policy of the United States to support free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities by outside pressures". By developing the Truman Doctrine, he created a major, mutual defense treaty to restrain Soviet aggression. This doctrine was also designed to help European nations withstand Soviet Communism after the World War II. The plan was to share American skills such as knowledge, capital, and equipment with most countries in Western Europe. Included in this plan was the establishment of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). This organization main purpose was to defend Western Europe against Soviet Bloc. After President Truman s administration, Presidents such as Eisenhower, Kennedy, and Johnson have also tried to maintain this policy in many ways. Dwight Eisenhower did many things to maintain the policy of containment of Communism developed during the Truman administration. In fact, his foreign policy was built around it. The two main goals were to have a tough stance in the Cold War against communism and the maintenance of peace. He and his Secretary of State, John Dulles, were aggressive anti-Communists and advocates of the liberation of Soviet-dominated nations. In September 1954, Eisenhower and Dulles succeeded in creating the Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO). Its main purpose was to prevent further Communist expansion in Southeast Asia. In a message to Congress on January 5, 1957, Eisenhower laid out a proposal that came to be known as the Eisenhower doctrine. He proposed that the U.S. should use armed force to aid any nation in the Middle East that requests its assistance against Communist aggression. In the last year of the Eisenhower presidency, the Central Intelligence Agency had equipped and trained a brigade of anti-Communist Cuban exiles for an invasion of their homeland. The Joint Chiefs of Staff unanimously advised the new president that this force, once ashore, would spark a general uprising against the Cuban leader, Fidel Castro. However, the Bay of Pigs invasion was a fiasco; every man on the beach was either killed or captured. Furthermore, after the failure at Bay of Pigs, Soviet leader Nikita Kruschchev started arming Cuba more heavily with missile. This lead to the Cuban Missile Crisis. Forced to prove himself, Kennedy demanded that the missile sites be dismantled and removed from Cuba. To back up his ultimatum, he ordered a naval blockade to Cuba. On October 28, Radio Moscow announced that the arms would be removed and returned to Moscow. During John F. Kennedy years as President, he did many things to maintain the policy of containment of Communism. The Cuban Missile Crisis was one example. During his administration, a country...

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