Essay on Winston Churchill
Winston Churchill Term Papers
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Winston Churchill was born in Blenheim Palace in Oxfordshire, England on Nov.
30, 1874. He was a chunky little boy with red hair and an unhappy childhood. He talked
with a stutter and a lisp, and did poorly in his school work. He also was a very stubborn
boy, and along with his very high spirits, annoyed everyone. His parents, who had alot of
work to do, had little time for him (Alberg 34). At the age of 12, he entered Harrow
School. He entered as the lowest boy in the lowest class. Churchill in his own ways
wanted peace.
His father noticed that Winston spent many hours playing with small toy soldiers.
He decided that soldiering was the only career for a young boy of limited intelligence. In
1893, at the age of 18, Winston entered the Royal Military College at Sandhurst. He
failed the entrance exam twice before he passed it and was let in to the college. Soon
after he was let in, he led his class in tactics and fortifications, which were the most
important subjects. He graduated eighth in his class of 150 (Alberg 134). In 1895, he was
appointed a second lieutenant in the 4th Hussar, which was a very good calvary regiment.
Winston learned that fighting had broken out in Northwestern India between
British forces and Pushtun warriors. He obtained a leave from his regiment, and
persuaded two newspapers to hire him as a reporter. He joined the advanced guard of the
Malakand Field Force and took part in bloody hand-to-hand fighting (Gardner 96). After
returning to Bangalore, he wrote about fighting in his first book, The story of the
Malakand Field Force.
While working on his book in 1899, Churchill resigned from the army and ran for
the parliament as a conservative from Oldham. He did not impress the voters of Oldham,
most of them were laborers and belonged to the Liberal party. This was the first election
that Winston Churchill had lost.
After his lost in the election, a London newspaper hired him as a reporter. He was
going to report about the war between the Dutch settlers and the British. Soon after he
arrived in South Africa, the Dutch settlers ambushed an armored train on which he was
riding. He was captured and was imprisoned. He made a daring escape. He scaled the
prison walls one night and slipped by the sentries. Then, traveling on freight trains, he
crossed 300 miles of enemy territory to safety. He became a famous hero overnight
(Gilbert 43).
Churchill returned to England in 1900. He also returned to politics. Oldham gave
him a heroes welcome, and voters elected him to parliament. He took his seat in the
House of Commons for the first time. He soon began to criticize many conservative
policies openly and sharply. In 1904, he broke apart from his party completely. He
dramatically crossed the floor of the Commons, amid the howls of the Conservatives and
the cheers of the Liberals, to sit with the Liberals. In the next election he ran as a Liberal
and won (Gilbert 74).
Prime Minister Herbert H. Asquith appointed Winston first lord of admiralty in
1911. The build up of German military and naval forces had convinced the admiralty
needed a strong leader. Churchill was one of the few people in England who realized that
the war with Germany would probably come. He reorganized the navy, developed
antisubmarine tactics, and modernized the fleet. He also created the navy's first air
service (Grunwald 87) When Britain entered World War I, on August 4, 1914, the fleet
was ready.
The war ended in November 1918. The next January, Churchill became secretary
of the state for war and for air.
Three days before the 1922 election campaign began, Churchill had to have his
appendix removed. He was only able to campaign briefly, and lost the election. He said
he found himself " without office, without seat, without a party, and without an
appendix" (Grunwald 181).
During the years between World War I and World War II, Churchill spent most of
his time painting and writing. He did not start painting until he was in his 40's, and
surprised critics with his talent. Many of his paintings have been hung in the Royal
Academy of Arts.
Painting provided relaxation and pleasure, but he considered writing his chief
occupation after politics. In speaking and in writing after 1932, he tried to rouse his
nation and the world to the danger of the Nazi Germany. The build-up of the armed
forces alarmed him, and he pleaded for the powerful British air force (Carter 129).
German troops marched into Poland on Sept. 1, 1939. The war that Churchill had
anticipated had begun. On Sept. 3, Great Britain and France declared war on Germany.
Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain at once named Churchill first lord of the admiralty,
the same post he had held in World War I. At the age of 66, He Became the Prime
Minister of Great Britain. He wrote, "I felt as if I were walking with destiny, and that all
my past life had been but a preparation for this hour and for this trial" (Carter 135).
Churchill is one of the few, if not the only person to come into power with so
much pressure. Winston said about his situation, " I have nothing to offer but blood, toil,
tears and sweat." The months that followed brought onto Winston alot of blood, toil, tears
and sweat. Belgium surrendered to Germany on May 28, and the defeat of France seemed
if it would soon come, and it did. On June 22, France surrendered to Germany. Britain
now stood alone. A German invasion seemed certain ( Alberg 180).
In August 1941, Churchill and President Franklin D. Roosevelt met aboard a ship
off the coast of Newfoundland. They drew up the Atlantic Charter, which set the
common postwar aims of the United States and Britain. In January 1943, Winston and
Roosevelt met in Casablanca, Morocco. They announced that the allies would accept
only complete surrender from Germany, Italy, and Japan. After returning to England,
Churchill fell ill with pneumonia. But he recovered fully (Gardner 192).
Winston Churchill was part of the Big Three. Among the Big Three was
Winston Churchill, Joseph Stalin and Theodore Roosevelt. When Churchill was coming
back from his first meeting between The Big Three he was struck with pneumonia again,
but he recovered fully. In February 1945, the Big Three met in Yalta in the Soviet Union.
The end of the war in Europe was in sight. The three leaders agreed on the plans to
occupy defeated Germany. Churchill did not trust Stalin at all. He feared the Soviet
Union might keep the territories in eastern Europe that its troops occupied.
Germany surrendered on May 7, 1945, almost five years to the day after Churchill
became prime minister.
On March 5, 1946 Winston Churchill gave the Iron Curtain Speech. Here is an
excerpt from that speech:
"The United States stands at this time at the pinnacle of world power. It is a solemn moment for the
American democracy. For with this primacy in power is also joined an awe-inspiring accountability to the
future. As you look around you, you must feel not only the sense of duty done, but also you must feel
anxiety lest you fall below the level of achievement. Opportunity is here now, clear and shining, for both our
countries. To reject it or ignore it or fritter it away will bring upon us all the long reproaches of the after
time.
It is necessary that constancy of mind, persistency of purpose, and the grand simplicity of decision shall rule
and guide the conduct of the English-speaking peoples in peace as they did in war. We must, and I believe
we shall, prove ourselves equal to this severe requirement.
I have a strong admiration and regard for the valiant Russian people and for my wartime comrade, Marshal
Stalin. There is deep sympathy...
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