Failure Of Chartism Essay
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History Essay
Why, by 1846, were the Chartists unable to convince parliament for the need for reform whereas the Anti-Corn Law League were able to do so.
The failure of Chartism can largely be blamed on the lack of strength of the movement, inherent weaknesses, dependency on economic depression and poor leadership. Using the experiences of Chartism the leaders of the Anti-Corn Law League were able to build a stronger movement, eradicating many of the problems that had hindered the Chartists.
One main advantage that was almost immediately bestowed upon the Anti-Corn Law League was the support of the government opposition. This clearly worried the government, with growing public support for the opposition providing a large problem with only one immediate solution. It was this growing pressure that encouraged (forced?) Peel (Prime Minister at the time) to revoke the Anti-Corn Laws. That is not to say that there wasn t large public support for the Chartist movement, however, the Anti-Corn Law League had parliamentary allies, whereas the chartists did not. With little parliamentary backing or solid middle-class support, the movement found itself either having to give up or opt for peaceful methods. This divided both the leadership and rank and file, creating dissension and a lack of tactical direction. The lack of tactical direction and unity of purpose is one of the key factors in the failure of the Chartists and the success of the Anti-Corn Law League. The aims of the Anti-Corn Law League were to abolish the law: to remove tariffs on foreign corn, a single aim as opposed to the multiple and sometimes individual aims of the Chartist movement.
The Anti-Corn Law League s continuous use of their parliamentary backing can also be seen as a key factor in their success. This was in contrast to Chartism, who were decimated psychologically by the authorities (widespread imprisonment and transportation of leaders rank and file, and the successful confrontation of mass demonstrations). The Anti-Corn Law League had the support of Villiers, a radical MP in the commons. They regularly challenged MP s to debates, and employed standard pressure group tactics such as missionary lecture talks, meetings and rallies; publication of sympathetic journals and parliamentary petitions; and the audacious but ultimately useful standings of supporters in local by-elections. It was the Anti-Corn Law League s single aim that enabled to co-ordinate their ideas and actions more effectively. With a lack of unity on the ranks of the Chartists, and a lack of a united frontal cause, the actions that the chartists employed could never be effective enough to win the support of parliament and the middle class, and therefore not enough to worry (or convince) the government enough to take action.
Lack of administrative experience and imagination was clearly a problem that hindered Chartism. However, the case was very different for the leaders of the Anti-Corn Law League. The administrative talents of George Wilson, the president of the league, and the orating and directing qualities of Richard Cobden and John Bright, ensured a much more united and therefore stronger leadership than Lovett and O Brien (amongst others) had ever presented (the...
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