Harriet Tubman Essay
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Harriet Tubman was one of the greatest American women of the
nineteenth century. Though she was a descendant of African
origin-- a group highly discriminated against in that time
period-- she achieved many accomplishments. Some of these
accomplishments included aiding the women?s rights movement,
raising money for public education, opening a nursing home for
aged blacks, and even having a high school named in her honor.
She even worked as a spy and a nurse for the Union army in the
Civil War. Yet, her most famous and noted accomplishment was her
involvement in the freeing of hundreds of imprisoned slaves
through the Underground Railroad.
Harriet Tubman, born in 1820 with the name of Araminta Ross,
was one of eleven children. Since her parents were slaves on a
plantation in Dorchester, Maryland, Harriet was born into
slavery. She was put to work at the age of five and served as a
maid and a children?s nurse. However, little Harriet was a
feisty child, and often refused to follow her master?s orders.
Many times she simply did not work as fast as the other slaves.
She was eventually moved from the house to work in the field at
the age of twelve. This was fine, because she preferred work in
the fields over work in the house. Many blacks preferred the
field, because they could talk to each other and laugh while they
worked. Slaves who worked in the house were under the constant
scrutiny of stern masters.
Sadly, like the majority of slaves during that time period,
Harriet was victim of cruel treatment. She, like her fellow
slaves, was forced to perform grueling labor from sun rise, often
until far after night fall. They were allowed a ten minute break
in the middle of the day so they could eat their cold ration of
bacon. When the break was over, the slaves were forced back out
into the fields.
Being the rebel she was, Harriet Tubman was often subject to
harsh beatings. When she was thirteen years old, she was hit in
the head by her master with a two-pound weight. The blow left
her with permanent brain damage that caused sudden blackouts
throughout the rest of her life. It also left a scar on her
forehead.
At the age of twenty-four, Tubman received permission from
her owner to marry a free black man named John Tubman. She
remained a slave according to law, but her master allowed her to
live with her husband. This gave her a taste of semi-freedom
that she grew to addicted to.
In 1847, her master died suddenly, making Tubman?s slave
status uncertain. Her master?s son also died, so there was no
one to become heir to the plantation. Fearing that she would be
sold in order to settle her master?s estate, she finally fled for
freedom in the North. However, her husband stayed in the south
and eventually remarried. Harriet did not marry again until
after his death.
After she moved to Pennsylvania, Harriet Tubman joined the
abolition movement. The abolition movement was a fight to end
slavery in the south. She was so passionate about the concept of
freedom, that she risked her life and became a conductor on the
Underground Railroad. The Underground Railroad was a network of
abolitionists who helped slaves escape from the South by
providing them with food and shelter during their journey to the
North. On her first trip in 1850, Tubman rescued her sister and
her sister?s children. The following year she saved her brother,
and in 1857 she finally managed to saved her elderly parents.
Tubman was a genius when it came to rescuing imprisoned
slaves. She constantly changed her escape routes. She also
avoided being spotted by angry Southerners who offered large
rewards for her capture by dressing up in disguises. Many times
she posed as a deranged old man, and even an old woman.
Tubman also had the uncanny ability to find food and shelter
during these hazardous missions. She carried a special sleeping
powder to stop babies from crying and always had a pistol to
prevent the people she was rescuing from backing out once the
dangerous journey had begun. She would point the gun at them...
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