How Would You Characterize The Uk S Relationship With The Eu Essay
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The essay will attempt to evaluate the UK with regard to Europe and (what has developed into) the European Union (EU) in a political perspective by analyzing their history with each other following the Second World War (WWII), and thus will be limited to up until the UK's inclusion in the EU in 1972. The viability and relevance of the first sentence will be put to the test as the timeline ends. The UK has in its long history fought countless battles on continental soil for its own benefits and has built up a history as a commanding force in European and later World affairs. But following WWII Europe was devastated and split between the emergent dominant world powers the USA and USSR. In this calamity occurred the birth of what we now call the European Union, and what a revolutionary concept it for Europeans to unite. Few other continents have such an ethnically diverse yet independent population and a long history of conflict.
Conflict is essentially what spawned the idea of a united Europe as it has been tried on numerous occasions through such very means, but following WWII a final enlightenment as to attempt unification through peaceful political means developed. However, the UK still had its Empire (now assembled in a Commonwealth) with which it conducted global affairs and trade that it was completely dependent upon. Then there was the "special" relationship that existed between the UK and the World superpower the USA that developed during WWII. The UK saw it necessary for the USA to be deeply involved in European affairs in order to counter the Soviet threat from the East. The EU was essentially concocted by the Frenchman Monnet and intended to become a "Third Force" in world politics as a mechanism to prevent further war in Europe. The first steps were taken with the formation of the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) with the integration of those industries between France, Germany, Italy and the Benelux countries following the Treaty of Paris in 1951 (as both are vital to munitions production in war). The official organisation was formed later in August 1952, but the British government opposed the supranational nature of the planned ECSC and decided not to join. Also the UK did not want to disturb its trade with the Commonwealth or its ties with the USA, even though a Federated Europe was fervently supported by the US.
The success of the ECSC brought about further integration with the Treaty of Rome in March 1957 integrating the economies of the Six and creating the European Economic Community (EEC). It was an economic union but essentially for political circumstances. The basic economic features of the EEC treaty were gradually implemented, and the three communities (the EEC, the ECSC, and Euratom) merged in July 1967 under one set of institutions, the European Community (EC). No progress was made on enlargement of the EC or on any other new proposals, however, until after De Gaulle resigned as president of France in May 1969. The next French president, Georges Pompidou, was more open to new initiatives within the EC.
The UK together with Ireland and Denmark were admitted to the community on 1. January 1973. In Great Britain, however, opposition to EC membership continued. After the Labour party regained power in 1974, it carried out its election promise to renegotiate British membership conditions (particularly financial ones); the renegotiation resulted in only marginal changes, but it created a period of uncertainty within the EC. A divided Labour government endorsed continued EC membership and called a national referendum on the issue for June 1975. Despite strong opposition from some groups, the British people voted for continued membership.
In 1979 and 1980, the British government, claiming that the value of its contributions far exceeded the value of benefits received, again attempted to change its terms of membership. The conflict was resolved during the spring of 1980 when several members agreed to pay a greater share of the EC costs. In 1984 it was agreed that Great Britain would receive a partial rebate of its annual net contributions to the EC, beginning with a rebate of $800 million for that year.1
Now that it is clear what occurred it...
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