Development Within Third World Countries Term paper

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Development, a planned process of change brought to the third world by an outside source, is mainly focused on industrialization and the implantation of new technology. Development practices that are used are now seemingly becoming the instrument to organize the underdeveloped post-colonial societies. Essentially we are devaluing all non-western cultures, and trying to insert them into our own culture. We criticize these governmental programs for disregarding pre-existing communities and hierarchies as well as destroying the environment. The developing agencies are typically irrelevant to the need of the existing communities, and are only detrimental to them. Throughout this paper, I will analyze some reasons that developing agencies are essentially a problem in accord with some of the cases that Gardner brings up in her book, and talk about the Guarani in Brazil.

Women play a vital role in their societies in the Third World; however, due to some of the many projects by developers these roles are greatly lessened and misunderstood. This is usually due to the pre-existing gender relations and the assumptions of the planners (Gardner, 64). These assumptions lead the planners to believe that women are merely domestic, and not agriculturally inherent in the plans. During the development processes, there is a possibility of environmental degradation-which affects women as well. Developers assume that other cultures include patrilineal families and domesticated wives, when that is not really true. By taking this an as assumption, men are given jobs that were women s before the development processes began. When devising a development project, each specific groups needs, religion, culture, and traditions must be taken into consideration. One such case that Gardner speaks of is in Bangladesh where women would get credits for joining cooperatives. Although the case she speaks about refers to loans and not to development degradation, there are some similarities. In this case the women were given a certain amount of credit. Most of the women would probably want to invest them into the agricultural society that they see would be fit for them. However, we see that most of the money went to the husband who gained control of the development process. Although this is a very crude comparison we do see that there is a situation where husbands essentially take over the power that may not have been there for them before this happened.

We have a similar critique on the planning of developers known as the top-down criticism. This assumes that planners do not recognize the local knowledge that exists. Rather, they assume that Western knowledge is superior to that of these underdeveloped countries. One of the reasons that development projects fail is because of the unawareness of the planners, not the beneficiaries of the Western knowledge. Another problem that we see among many development groups is the idea of the trickle-down effect . Using both of these ideas along with Gardner s cases, I want to point out some of the faults among development agencies.

Gardner talks about a case in Mali-Sud where the inequality amongst communities resulted in a failure of the development agency. In this case the development agency gave money in order to help to fertilize the lands and to be able to grow crops. We see that in the first few years of this project, things seemed to have worked well. The problem with this was that the poorer villages in the region did not receive any help at all. They were on the brink of famine. The developers may have had in mind the trickle down effect, but we know that it never really happens. The idea that some people will gain due to the increase of other villages has hardly ever worked. Another idea to point out is that the developers failed to do proper research on the community before the development began. They decided to exclude the poorest communities...

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