Psychopathology Term paper
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This study will be dealing with the delinquent behaviours, of antisocial persons, otherwise know as psychopaths, or more recently sociopaths. The study will be discussing their typical behaviours, then go on to give reasons why they might occur.
Psychologists have studied criminals classified as psychopaths. These people are aggressive, highly impulsive, antisocial persons who appear to have little or no concern for societies values. Generally, antisocial behaviour does not appear in adult hood without warning. It is commonly preceded by childhood, then teenage antisocial behaviour. However the behavioural manifestations of the underlying personality change over time. For example, the antisocial child may be troublesome and disruptive in school. The antisocial teenager covers a multitude of sins. It includes acts such as theft; burglary; robbery; violence; vandalism; fraud; fighting; bullying; cruelty to people and animals; reckless driving; heavy drinking and smoking; drug use; heavy gambling; employment instability; sexual promiscuity; lying; conflict with parents; and running away from home .The antisocial adult male may beat up his wife and neglect his children. These changes reflect both the maturation of the individual and the opportunities within the environment, although there are many characteristics of a sociopath and each sociopath has their own special traits.
However in all cases the sociopath will act against society and the law and get great gratification in the act of hurting someone, in most cases abuse drugs and alcohol to facilitate the violent behaviour. The violence in many cases is the result of
sub-conscious decisions that might lead to murdering or assaulting someone for no reason. These antisocial persons seem incapable of having long lasting, close, warm and responsible relationships with people. The sociopath may even be very intelligent, knowing how to manipulate people into thinking they are normal, and may seem charming in superficial social interactions although they will repeatedly hurt, anger, exploit, cheat, rob and harass.
There is considerable continuity between juvenile and adult offending. In the Cambridge Study, nearly three quarters of those convicted as Juveniles, i.e. age
ten to sixteen, were reconvicted between ages seventeen and twenty-four, and nearly half of the juvenile offenders were reconvicted between ages twenty-five to
thirty-two.
Concern with the increasing incidents of antisocial behaviour and serious violent crimes had led psychologists to consider whether the sociopathic personality is accompanied by changes in physiology. An example to consider might be that in order to learn not to steal, a child must be socialised, or taught that it is wrong to take the property of others without there permission. Usually this socialisation takes place within the family, and the appropriate fear response is developed. Children learn to fear punishment if they steal. And that fear enables them to inhibit their stealing impulses. However children with antisocial personality disorder do not learn the adequate initial fear responses thus, they are not usually able to anticipate negative reactions if they steal.
The sociopath is a combination of other mental illnesses, such as Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, Conduct disorder, learning difficulties and a lack of emotional development. This lack of moral and emotional development is what gives the sociopath a lack of understanding for other people s feelings, which enables them to be deceitful without feeling bad about whatever they do.
Children with antisocial personality disorder are most likely to develop Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, commonly known as ADHD. This condition is recognised by signs such as difficulty in sustaining work or play; not listening to what is said; fidgeting with hands or feet; not being able to remain seated when required to do so; blurting out answers to questions before they are completed; and difficulty waiting in line or taking turns in group situations. The symptoms of this problem change across the life span, even within the childhood years. Infants show poor regulation of patterns of activity, eating, and sleeping. Toddlers with ADHD show signs of over activity, running, jumping and climbing incessantly. An older child is fidgety, restless and may have poor peer relationships. A child is diagnosed as having ADHD if for at least six months if he shows signs of either inattention of impulsivity, and the signs must be apparent in at least two situations, for example at school and at home.
Like children with ADHD, those with conduct disorder are socially disruptive and upsetting to others, although the two problems may occur in the same children....
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