Adenosine Triphosphate Chem Essay
While the free essays can give you inspiration for writing, they cannot be used 'as is' because they will not meet your assignment's requirements. If you are in a time crunch, then you need a custom written term paper on your subject (adenosine triphosphate chem)
Here you can hire an independent writer/researcher to custom write you an authentic essay to your specifications that will pass any plagiarism test (e.g. Turnitin). Waste no more time!
INTRODUCTION Adenosine triphosphate is the source of about 95% of the body s energy requirements. The body burns food, storing some of the energy in the bonds of ATP. When these bonds are broken the energy is released supplying the body with energy for other reactions. ATP is simultaneously an ester, an alkanoic acid and an anhydride. ATP has a chemical formula of C10H16N5O13P3 and a CAS number of 56-65-5. Its molecular weight is 507.19. ATP is a nucleotide, a small organic molecule with three major components. A five-carbon sugar (ribose), adenine - a nitrogen-containing compound that is also one of the bases of DNA and RNA, and three phosphate units each composed of a phosphorous atom and four oxygen atoms. PROPERTIES The most important property of ATP is obviously its ability to function as an energy carrier. Energy is stored in the covalent bonds between the phosphates (shown as in Diagram 1). When the third phosphate group is removed by hydrolysis, ATP + H2O _ ADP + P + energy ADP is adenosine diphosphate, which has one less phosphate unit than ATP. P is an inorganic phosphorous atom that is usually transferred to the molecule where the energy is required in a process known as phosphorylation. This reaction produces a substantial amount of energy, the amount varies depending upon conditions, but under normal cell condition 7.3Kcal/mol is produced. The effect of pH is one way in which the amount of energy produced changes. Under acidic conditions more protons are available which reduces the negative charge of the ATP, lowering the amount of energy produced. E.g. at pH 4 E= -6.4 kcal at pH 7 E= -7.3 kcal at pH 9 E= -9.8 kcal. ATP is an endergonic molecule; this means that it requires energy to be formed. The phosphate bonds of ATP are remarkable structures. The formation of these bonds requires a larger than normal input of energy. This is due to two reasons 1) electrostatic repulsion of negatively charged oxygen atoms in close proximity and 2) resonance stabilization of electrons in the triphosphate component. Resonance allows electrons to spread out the energy load, so extra energy is required to stabilize ATP. The main reason ATP is employed for energy transfers is the fact that it is a comparatively large, charged molecule. This prevents it form passing through membranes and thus it cannot escape into or out of organelles and cells. An electronegative field surrounds solvated ATP. This is because oxygen is more electronegative than phosphorous, giving the oxygen molecule a slight negative charge. (Refer to diagram 2). The slight negative charge of the ATP molecule makes it soluble in water. This property is also partially due to the ribose component, which lowers the free energy of surrounding water molecules. The adenine component of ATP offers anti-oxidation protection to the molecule, which is essential for the molecule to survive for long periods of time in the cytoplasm. PRODUCTION At any time the human body contains about 0.2 moles of ATP but about 200 moles are required to keep our body functioning. This is why ATP is constantly being recycled and synthesised. The basic chemical reaction for the formation of ATP is: ADP + P + energy _ ATP + H2OFor this reaction to occur starting products are needed. These are made in plants...
MLA Style
. EssayMania.com. Retrieved on 22 May, 2012 from
<http://essaymania.com/125736/adenosine-triphosphate-chem>
More College Papers
Abuse Children essay
A popular controversial issue today is whether children who are at risk for abuse remain with their families or not. Many people feel differently about this issue. Some people feel that it would be best for the children to remain with their intact families. There are others that feel that it is not
Abduction Or Hallucination essay
Abduction or Hallucination
In Carl Sagan s, The Demon Haunted World , Sagan re-notes all the accounts of such relevant to abduction. He begins his argument by viewing back history, where beliefs of demons were spreading, and that great philosopher at the time also viewed that dreams are scripted
A Study Of Theology essay
The Book of Revelation is an account of things that take place beyond the earth where Jesus of Nazareth lived and died as well as where John s community was living. It is a vision of events in the heavens or the sky. If we do not assume that all the details about the sky and those who live in the sk