Essay on Cloning 3
Cloning 3 Term Papers
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Following surprising claims this week by South Korean researchers that
they cloned an embryo from the cell of a 30-year-old woman, scientists and
ethicists said cloning of humans, while controversial, is likely to be
achieved sometime soon.
"The question isn't whether they did it or not, but whether there is any
scientific reason to believe any top human fertility expert can't try and even
succeed in cloning a human," said Randall Prather, an animal embryo
researcher at the University of Missouri.
Dr. Prather and other scientists engaged in animal cloning experiments said
that breakthroughs in recent months in cloning mice and cattle, following the
cloning of a sheep in early 1997, suggest that duplicating such efforts in
humans is, if not possible now, likely to be possible soon. "The science is
there, or nearly there," said Dr. Prather who is attempting to clone pigs. He
noted that, if anything, humans, for technical reasons, "may turn out to
actually be easier to clone than some other animal species."
The Korean cloning announcement by fertility doctors Wednesday in Seoul
triggered a world-wide response of skepticism and alarm. Most countries,
including the U.S., have called for a moratorium on human cloning research
until many ethical and scientific issues are addressed. Indeed, the Korean
researchers said they stopped their experiment after the embryo had
developed into only four cells, meaning that it is still unknown whether the
cloned embryo could have developed into a viable or full-term and healthy
birth.
"Even in the animal research we know there is a giant leap from creating a
four-cell embryo to creating a live birth," said Jorge Piedrahita, an
embryologist working on cloning pigs and cows at the college of veterinary
medicine at Texas A&M University. Dr. Piedrahita said in the successful
cloning of mice and cows reported in recent months "many of the cloned
embryos didn't advance to birth, probably because they were defective in
some way."
Still, the Korean announcement is being widely seen as evidence that
cloning is moving forward much faster than many expected. In February
1997, Ian Wilmut of the Roslin Institute in Scotland stunned the scientific
community when he reported the successful cloning of a lamb he named
Dolly from the cell of an adult sheep.
Previously, scientists had believed that it wasn't possible to create a genetic
replica of an adult mammal by using genetic material from a cell of an adult.
That is because, unlike embryo cells that serve as the basis for all later
cells, adult cells have very specific functions that keep their activity
restricted. For example, scientists believed muscle cells could only make
other muscle cells and nerve cells could only make other nerve cells.
But Dr. Wilmut destroyed that belief. This past summer, scientists in Hawaii
using a somewhat different technique than was used in Scotland produced
numerous clones from the cells of adult mice, and two weeks ago Japanese
reserachers produced four calves from a single cow.
In a news conference in Seoul, Lee Bo Yeon, a fertility specialist at
Kyunghee University Hospital, said he and his colleague, Kim Sung Bo,
used a technique...
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