Ira Term paper
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Friday, July 21, 1972 started as any other day of the week. As
the sun rose, people everywhere began to go about their normal
daily business, as did the people of Belfast, N. Ireland.
Suddenly, there is a great noise and a violent shaking, as the
city of Belfast is rocked by the explosion of bombs. 22
separate bombs detonate within the city of Belfast, destroying
buildings and ejecting the life from anyone caught in the blast.
As the violent noise dies away, the people of Belfast, too
startled to know what has happened, survey the scene. As they
look over the demolished structures, and rummage through the
ashes, they know the bombs were meant for certain members of the
British government. The explosions, however, did not kill only
government members, as nine civilians lie dead in the rubble.
As the emergency vehicles arrive at the scene, the police know
who has caused this destruction, and that the bombers are none
other than the members of the Provisional Irish Republican Army.
The Irish Republican Army or IRA, is a paramilitary group
who s stated goal is to free Ireland from the bounds of British
rule, and unite the island under one government. The IRA is an
old organization that had it s beginnings in the past after
Britain first took control of Ireland. At the heart of the
conflict between IRA and Britain lies religious differences,
mostly between Protestants and Catholics. To better understand
the IRA we ll go back into the past, and see how it all started.
Ireland first began to fall under British control in the
dark ages when Lords and Nobles from Britain began conquering
the tribes and counties of Ireland. At one point the king of
England himself set out to conquer Ireland, saying the Pope had
commanded him to do so. During the dark ages different sections
of Ireland were ruled by different nobles of Britain, but
official British rule did not begin until 1541, when King Henry
VIII was named King of Ireland. From then until the 19th
Century small Irish groups would periodically rebel against the
King.
The Irish Republican Army first was formed in the 1860 s,
with the goal of freeing Ireland from Britain. In 1867 they
staged several insurrections, but none were successful, and the
movement died out in 1885.
In the early 1900 s the name IRA was adopted again by a
group of Irish volunteers with the same goals. The source of
the conflict had shifted from government, and was now centered
around religion. England was primarily Protestant, while
Ireland was mostly catholic. Being ruled by England, the
Catholic Irish had little say in the way they wanted things
done. There was also a small number of Protestant Irish, mostly
in the northern section of Ireland, who enjoyed English rule,
because they felt that their needs were met better than they
would be if they were ruled by Catholics. The mostly Catholic
IRA tried to free Ireland from Britain, while the Protestant
Irish tried to keep things as they were. In 1940 Ireland was on
the brink of Civil War.
In 1916 the IRA group attempted to free Ireland by
launching an assault on Dublin. The attack failed, and the
attackers were executed, but it stirred up a great sympathy for
the cause. In 1918 a new group for Irish freedom formed that
called themselves the Sinn Fein. The Sinn Fein wanted Irish
freedom, but went about it through political means instead of
violence. The Sinn Fein succeeded in winning many seats in the
government s House of Commons, and used their influence to try
to break Ireland free. In 1920 Britain passed the government of
Ireland Act that freed all of Ireland except the nine
northernmost counties. The nine northern counties became the
English province of North Ireland. Southern Ireland was for the
most part free, but still had to answer to certain rules of
Britain. This act was eventually accepted, but some factions of
the IRA continued to fight, saying that they wouldn t settle for
anything less than total Irish freedom. After this act things
began to decline steadily, and by the 1960 s, the IRA had very
little support.
Things seemed to have settled down, but this did not last
for long. In the late 1960 s a group of catholic protesters
held a march for increased representation in the government of
North Ireland. Protestant members of N. Ireland reacted with
violence to the protesters, and the Catholics also responded
with violence. ...
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