Term paper on The History Of The Microscope
The History Of The Microscope Essays
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The word microscope comes from two Greek words, micro meaning small and scope meaning to see. Microscope are instruments used to enhance our vision to see things that are to small to see with the naked eye. The first forms of microscopes were lenses used by an English scientist named Roger Bacon who wrote about using them to magnify things.
The first actual microscope was made and used by a Dutch naturalist named Anton van Leeuwenhoek that magnified about 200 times. In about 1674 he said that he had seen little animals. This invention of the microscope was also the invention of microbiology.
The microscope has come a long way since Bacon and Leeuwenhoek. There are many different types of microscopes the ones Bacon and Leewunwenhoek had were light microscopes that use lenses and light to see whatever they are trying to see. The first compound light microscope was made by Hans and Zacharias Janssen in 1590 this microscope had two separate lenses, but it was not very powerful. Since then many people have made improvements on the microscope, even our old friend from integrated science H the astronomer Johannes Kepler had a few thoughts on a better design. The light microscope is mainly used in the fields of biology and medicine.
Also since then new ideas for different microscopes have come along. In 1932 the phase-contrast microscope was invented by Frits Zernike to help biologist examine living material without having to stain which sometimes killed the material. In the 1800 s the first polarizing microscopes were developed to study crystals. Another microscope that is very useful, not that the others aren t, is the stereomicroscope that show things in three dimensions. These microscopes are used to study things like fleas that are too small for the eye but too large for medical microscopes.
The electron microscope is an amazing and exciting instrument that has helped further the science of physics as well as chemistry and biology, these microscopes are used in almost every field of science. Optical microscopes can magnify up to about 1,400 times, but the electron microscope can magnify at least to 1,000,000 times. The first electron microscopes were built in Germany by Max Knoll, Ernst Ruska, Ernst Bruche and H. Johnson in 1932.
The electron microscope has a few different variations. One of them is the transmission electron microscope that shoots beams of electrons through the specimen. the beams are focused by magnetic or electric lenses. The image appears on a fluorescent screen something like a television screen, and it...
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