Genghis Kahn Essay

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Genghis Khan

Genghis Khan was considered a great military leader. And in many ways he was. Genghis Khan didn’t use the size of his army to defeat an enemy. He used logic and cunning. This was one of the traits that made Genghis Khan as well known as he was.

Genghis Khan was born and raised on the Mongolian steppe some time in the 1160’s.(Boyle 623) After his father, Yesugei, was killed by a rival tribe named the Tartars, Genghis and his brother Qasar, and his two half-brothers, Bektair and Belgutai were left with their mother Ho’lun. Life on the steppe was hard, especially in the winter time, and Temujin, (Genghis Khan’s original name before he was elected Khan; meaning Universal Ruler), and his brothers barely stayed alive. An old Mongolian legend said that one day after Genghis and Qasar caught a fish in the river, their older brothers took the fish and ate it. Later that day Genghis snuck up on his brother Bektair and murdered him with an arrow.(Cohen 84) This rugged childhood instinct was displayed throughout the rest of Genghis’s life, in all of his military conquests and in the building of the largest continuous land empire ever(Edwards 4) as well as the largest empire ever built by one man(Boyle 624).

The year 1206 was an important one for Genghis Khan. It was the year that this great military leader defeated all the rival tribes of Mongolia(Edwards 8) and was elected Khan(Boyle 625). Interestingly enough Genghis was not elected Khan until after the position was turned down by his older, more qualified family members.(Cohen 86) Soon after his election of Khan, Genghis searched for victims and began conquering groups to the west such as the Tanguts, a civilization based around the Huang He River in modern day China.(Edwards 10) Once his forces were strong enough, six years later, Genghis led his troops across the Great Wall and captured the Chines capital, Peking, in1215.(Cohen 96) Many felt the way Genghis conquered was cruel and unnecessary, but it was in fact smart. When conquering new territories, as Genghis learned early on, it was easier to wipe out the civilization rather than leave behind valuable troops to govern. Therefore, the troops that would have been left behind were able to stay with the army and help conquer more territories.(Cohen 102) This technique was helpful, more than some realize. This is because the Mongolian army, though well trained, never exceeded 110’000 men. This was a small number compared to some of the armies that fell to Genghis’s forces.(Edwards 30) Due to a disadvantage in manpower, Genghis had to find other ways to gain the upper hand over opponents. Such ways included the use of a communication system called the "orto" system. This system was borrowed from many other cultures and was based on a relay method. A rider would ride a horse from one relay station to the next, switching horses at each station. This ensured the accuracy of the message, making it as precise as possible while at the same time maximizing confidentiality.(Cohen 100) Another way Genghis gained an advantage over enemy forces lay in the commandment of...

1. Boyle, John Andrew
Colliers Encyclopedia
Volume #10
Macmillan Educational Company
New York
Copyright 1989
Pgs 623-625

2. Edwards, M.
"The Great Khans"
National Geographic
February 1997
Pgs 2-35

3. Lawrence, S.V.
"Where Sleeps Genghis Khan?"
U.S. News and World Report
September 1993
Pg 72

4. Cohen, Daniel
Conquerers on Horseback
Doubleday and Company Inc.
New York
Copyright 1970
Pgs 76-142

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