Essay on Chaco Canyon
Chaco Canyon Term Papers
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CHACO CANYONThe Anasazi, who were named by the Navajos, knew how to chart theseasons by observing the sky. The biggest mystery of Chaco Canyon is why theAnasazidecided to leave the home that they had built over so many years. the one thingthat is quite interesting is that they were able to construct such a magnificent piece ofarchitecture without the use of metal tools or any devices with wheels. CHIMNEY ROCKChimney Rock is located about 20 miles west of Pagosa Springs, Colorado. Theconstruction is composed mainly of sandstone which was laid there more than 65 millionyears ago. The district that Chimney Rock is located in consists of 6.12 square miles, has91 identified areas with a total of 217 different structures. Most of these areas were grouped into 7 communities that are located at variousplaces within the district. The Anasazi Indians lived in the Piedra Valley beginning aboutthe tine of Christ. Most of them lives at lower elevations near the fields and they farmedalong the water beds, but some moved up onto the higher parts of Chimney Rock Mesaaround 925 A.D. They may have moved higher to avoid the cold sink effect that made thelower areas colder in the winter, or they may have moved higher to utilize winter snow asa water source. Still, most of the fields they planted in spring were along the waterwayson the floor of the valley or on terraces in the valleys above the river. At Chimney Rockthe people grew corn and beams, but no squash. Although squash was a mainstay of theirpeople in other areas, the growing season was probably too short in this region for squashto mature before it was killed by frost. The population of Chimney Rock is estimated to have been between 1200 and2000 people. The local Anasazi built in the Northern San Juan Style, each family orextended family building its own home. The masonry was similar to that in the structuresat Mesa Verde. Great kivas were built in almost every major Anasazi site between 900 and 1200A.D. One of the several great kivas at Chimney Rock has been excavated. These largestructures probably served for community gatherings and rituals. Fourteen storagechambers, were found in the floor of this Great Kiva, presumably for the storage ofceremonial paraphernalia. Although this Great Kiva has some unique features, it probablywas built according to a general plan used by all the Anasazi. Ninety miles to the south, some of the Anasazi were creating a new kind of societyin Chaco Canyon. Instead of the scattered type of dwellings found in most Anasazicommunities at that time, the people at Chaco were building pueblos or great houses. Thisis Pueblo Bonito. They also created more than 400 miles of roads leading to outlyingsettlements, or colonies. Chaco seems to have been a focal point in the trading ofturquoise from many areas of the Southwest with the civilizations in Central America. In 1076 the Chacoans built a great house on Chimney Rock Mesa. Their pueblowas high above the others, the highest Anasazi settlement known anywhere, and the mostnortheastern of the sites colonized by the Chacoans. Some Chacoan colonies seem tohave been built in positions where they could see the fires of other colonies at night , or,perhaps, send signals to each other. The people of Taos Pueblo in New Mexico claim Chimney Rock as one of theirancestral homes and say that the two rocks pinnacles are a shrine to the Twin Was Gods.The Anasazi were interested in calendrical astronomy as a means to tell when to plant theircrops. Religious ceremonies were related to movements of sun, moon and stars in theheavens, just as the same movements...
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