Galileo Essay
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Galileo Galilei was an astronomer and mathematician, he was, a man ahead of his time. Galileodiscovered the law of uniformly accelerated motion towards the Earth, the parabolic path of projectiles,and the law that all bodies have weight. Among his other accomplishments was the improvement of therefracting telescope in 1610 and his advocacy of the Copernican theory which brought him into a conflictof ideas and truths between himself and the Inquisition. He was condemned by the church whose theoriesthreatened everything that was taught by the priesthood as the holy truth and he was eventually broken bythe Inquisition. Before being ultimately defeated by the church, however, Galileo made manycontributions to the world of physics. His scientific discoveries and endeavors were only a portion of hiscontributions to the scientific community. His brilliance brought about a new era in scientificadvancement and his defeat at the hands of the church put a stop to the scientific revolution which he hadstarted. Galileo Galilei was a great scientist and pioneer in the fields of mechanics, astronomy,thermometry, and magnetism, although mechanics and astronomy were his main passions. He wasarguably one of the brightest men who ever lived. Galileo discovered and enhanced many scientificdiscoveries of his time period and was highly regarded as a Mathematician and Natural Philosopher.Galileo was persecuted for his views on Earth's relationship with the rest of the heavens since he believedthat the Earth revolved around the Sun and that the heavens were constantly changing and evolving.Since Galilei's vision of a metamorphosing universe came in direct conflict with the views of Aristotle,views held by and supported by the church, Galileo was eventually called before the Inquisition and forcedto recant his views. Nonetheless, Galileo Galilei made significant contributions to the scientificcommunity and he is remembered as a great scientist and innovator. Galileo Galilei was born in 1564 inPisa, Italy to Vincenzo Galilei, a musician, and Giulia Ammannati. Galileo studied medicine at theuniversity of Pisa from 1581 to 1585, but his real interests were in mathematics and natural philosophyand Galileo left the university in 1585 without a degree. It was during this time frame that Galileo beganto doubt conventional science, since much of what he was being taught at that time as scientific fact wasconflicting with the evidence which he saw in his hands-on medical observations. Following his period asa student, Galileo tried his hand at teaching. Galileo began privately teaching in Florence and he returnedto the university of Pisa to teach mathematics in 1589. Galileo taught at the university of Pisa until 1592when he was appointed professor of mathematics at Padua (the university of the Republic of Venice).Galileo's duties as a professor of mathematics at Padua were to teach Euclidean geometry and standard(geocentric) astronomy to medical students. The medical students at that time were expected to knowsome astronomy in order to make use of astrology in their medical practices. In Padua, he continued hisphysics research in the area of mechanics and astronomy. In the area of mechanics is where Galileo's mostfamous observations were exhibited. The traditional theory accepted by nearly everyone at that time wasAristotle's theory that heavier objects, when dropped from the same height as lighter ones, will fall at afaster rate. In opposition to this notion, Galileo stated that with the removal of outside influences such aswind resistance, both objects will fall simultaneously at virtually the same speed. Although a very popularstory of Galileo states that he attempted to prove this theory by dropping different weights from thecampanile (leaning tower) of the Duomo in Pisa, this particular experiment was never actually proven tohave occurred. However, a similar experiment had already been made by the Flemish engineer SimonStevin in 1586. Galileo has said that his interest in Aristotle's Theory about falling objects was arousedwhen, during a hailstorm, he noticed that both large and small hailstones hit the ground at the same time.This observation caused Galileo to seriously doubt Aristotle's Theory since according to Aristotle, thelarger-sized hailstones would have had to have fallen from a much greater height and at virtually the sametime as the lighter hailstones in order for them to reach the ground at the same time (which Galileo foundvery improbable.) Galileo was also very much interested in astronomy. Tycho Brahe, a Danishastronomer, found a supernova in the constellation Cassiopeia in 1572 which promptly disappeared twoyears later. This discovery challenged Aristotle's theory of the heavens as perfect, unchanging, andimmutable. This discovery, along with another nova appearance in 1604, also persuaded Galileo to givethree public lectures in Padua in his capacity as a professor of mathematics. Galileo used the nova as anexcuse to challenge Aristotle's views of heavens which were unchanging. In 1609, Galileo learned of aspyglass that a Dutchman had shown in Venice. Using his own technical skills as a mathematician and aworkman, along with reports of the construction of the device, Galileo made a series of telescopes whoseoptical performance was much better than that of the Dutch instrument. The first telescope he constructedhad a threefold magnification, which he quickly improved to 32 times magnification. It was thisinstrument which Galileo used to develop his astronomical discoveries. The numerous astronomicaldiscoveries made by Galileo with the aid of his telescopes were described in a short book called Messagefrom the stars or Starry Messenger (Sidereus Nuncius) published in Venice in May 1610. In this book,Galileo claimed to have seen mountains on the Moon, to have proved that the Milky Way was made up ofa myriad of tiny stars, and to have seen four small bodies (moons) orbiting the planet Jupiter. Galileo
named the moons...
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